Section: Information / Writing Systems
Variable: Written Record (All coded records)
Talking about Writing Systems, Written records are more than short and fragmentary inscriptions, such as found on tombs or runic stones. There must be several sentences strung together, at the very minimum. For example, royal proclamations from Mesopotamia and Egypt qualify as written records  
Written Record
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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2 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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3 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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4 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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5 Early Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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6 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 800 BCE 401 BCE
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7 Late Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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8 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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9 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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10 Toltecs absent Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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11 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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12 Aztec Empire absent Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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13 Hawaii I absent Confident 1000 CE 1200 CE
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14 Hawaii II absent Confident 1200 CE 1580 CE
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15 Hawaii III absent Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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16 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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17 Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period present Confident 1820 CE 1898 CE
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18 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident 600 BCE 150 BCE
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19 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident 150 BCE 300 CE
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20 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident 300 CE 450 CE
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21 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Confident 450 CE 600 CE
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22 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Confident 600 CE 750 CE
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23 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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24 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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25 Oneota absent Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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26 Early Illinois Confederation unknown Suspected 1640 CE 1717 CE
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27 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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28 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident 1200 CE 1274 CE
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29 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II absent Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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30 Funan I present Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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31 Funan II present Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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32 Chenla present Confident 550 CE 825 CE
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33 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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34 Classical Angkor present Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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35 Late Angkor present Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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36 Khmer Kingdom present Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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37 Ayutthaya present Confident 1593 CE 1767 CE
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38 Rattanakosin present Confident 1782 CE 1873 CE
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39 Java - Buni Culture present Inferred 400 BCE 500 CE
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40 Kalingga Kingdom present Inferred 500 CE 732 CE
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41 Medang Kingdom present Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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42 Kediri Kingdom present Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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43 Majapahit Kingdom present Confident 1292 CE 1518 CE
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44 Mataram Sultanate present Confident 1568 CE 1703 CE
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45 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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46 Chuuk - Late Truk present Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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47 Neolithic Crete absent Confident 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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48 Prepalatial Crete absent Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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49 The Old Palace Crete present Confident 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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50 New Palace Crete present Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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51 Monopalatial Crete present Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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52 Postpalatial Crete present Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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53 Final Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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54 Geometric Crete present Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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55 Archaic Crete present Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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56 Classical Crete present Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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57 Hellenistic Crete present Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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58 Roman Empire - Principate present Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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59 Roman Empire - Dominate present Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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60 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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61 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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62 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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63 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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64 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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65 Cuzco - Late Formative absent Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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66 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I absent Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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67 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II absent Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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68 Wari Empire absent Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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69 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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70 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II absent Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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71 Inca Empire absent Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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72 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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73 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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74 Deccan - Iron Age unknown Suspected 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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75 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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76 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms present Inferred 205 BCE 101 BCE
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77 Satavahana Empire present Confident 100 BCE 203 CE
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78 Vakataka Kingdom present Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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79 Kadamba Empire present Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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80 Chalukyas of Badami present Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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81 Rashtrakuta Empire present Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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82 Chalukyas of Kalyani present Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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83 Hoysala Kingdom unknown Suspected 1108 CE 1346 CE
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84 Kampili Kingdom present Inferred 1280 CE 1327 CE
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85 Vijayanagara Empire present Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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86 Mughal Empire present Confident 1526 CE 1858 CE
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87 British Empire II present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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88 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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89 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late present Confident 1832 CE 1848 CE
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90 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1831 CE
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91 Canaan present Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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92 Phoenician Empire present Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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93 Yisrael present Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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94 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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95 Achaemenid Empire present Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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96 Seleucids present Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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97 Ptolemaic Kingdom I present Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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98 Yehuda present Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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99 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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100 Late A'chik present Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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101 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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102 Ashanti Empire present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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103 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident 930 CE 1100 CE
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104 Icelandic Commonwealth present Confident 1101 CE 1262 CE
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105 Kingdom of Norway II present Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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106 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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107 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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108 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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109 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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110 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I present Confident 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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111 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II present Confident 2100 BCE 1800 CE
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112 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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113 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period absent Confident 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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114 Parthian Empire I present Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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115 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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116 Kushan Empire present Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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117 Sasanid Empire I present Inferred 205 CE 487 CE
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118 Hephthalites present Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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119 Sasanid Empire II present Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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120 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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121 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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122 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period present Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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123 Ghur Principality present Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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124 Delhi Sultanate present Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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125 Sind - Samma Dynasty present Confident 1335 CE 1521 CE
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126 Durrani Empire present Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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127 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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128 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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129 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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130 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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131 Japan - Late Jomon absent Inferred 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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132 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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133 Kansai - Yayoi Period present Inferred 300 BCE 250 CE
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134 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident Uncertain 399 CE 537 CE
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135 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident Uncertain 399 CE 449 CE
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136 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Inferred 250 CE 399 CE
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137 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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138 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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139 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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140 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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141 Warring States Japan present Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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142 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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143 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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144 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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145 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial present Inferred 1922 CE 1987 CE
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146 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident 1841 CE 1921 CE
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147 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic absent Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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148 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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149 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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150 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic absent Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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151 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Inferred 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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152 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age absent Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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153 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia present Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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154 Hatti - Old Kingdom present Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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155 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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156 Hatti - New Kingdom present Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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157 Phrygian Kingdom present Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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158 Tabal Kingdoms present Confident 900 BCE 730 BCE
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159 Kingdom of Lydia present Confident 670 BCE 546 BCE
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160 Lysimachus Kingdom present Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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161 Late Cappadocia present Confident 322 BCE 93 BCE
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162 Rum Sultanate present Confident 1077 CE 1307 CE
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163 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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164 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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165 Ottoman Empire I present Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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166 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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167 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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168 Latium - Copper Age absent Inferred 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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169 Latium - Bronze Age absent Inferred 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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170 Latium - Iron Age absent Inferred 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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171 Roman Kingdom present Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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172 Early Roman Republic present Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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173 Middle Roman Republic present Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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174 Late Roman Republic present Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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175 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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176 Ostrogothic Kingdom present Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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177 Exarchate of Ravenna present Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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178 Republic of St Peter I present Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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179 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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180 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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181 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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182 Papal States - Medieval Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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183 Papal States - Medieval Period II present Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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184 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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185 Sakha - Late present Confident 1801 CE 1900 CE
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186 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1800 CE
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187 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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188 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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189 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period present Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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190 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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191 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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192 Egypt - Saite Period present Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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193 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period present Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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194 Ptolemaic Kingdom II present Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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195 Axum I present Inferred 149 BCE 349 CE
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196 Middle Wagadu Empire absent Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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197 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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198 Later Wagadu Empire present Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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199 Mali Empire present Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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200 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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201 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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202 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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203 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty present Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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204 Late Shang present Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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205 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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206 Jin present Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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207 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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208 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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209 Western Jin present Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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210 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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211 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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212 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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213 Nara Kingdom present Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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214 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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215 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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216 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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217 Great Yuan present Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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218 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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219 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation absent Inferred 209 BCE 60 BCE
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220 Late Xiongnu absent Inferred 60 BCE 100 CE
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221 Rouran Khaganate absent Inferred 300 CE 499 CE
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222 Rouran Khaganate present Inferred 500 CE 555 CE
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223 Kingdom of the Huns absent Confident 376 CE 469 CE
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224 Kidarite Kingdom present Inferred 388 CE 477 CE
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225 Western Turk Khaganate present Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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226 Eastern Turk Khaganate present Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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227 Uigur Khaganate present Confident 745 CE 840 CE
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228 Samanid Empire present Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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229 Khitan I present Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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230 Kara-Khanids present Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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231 Khwarezmid Empire present Confident 1157 CE 1231 CE
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232 Chagatai Khanate present Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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233 Oirats present Inferred 1368 CE 1630 CE
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234 Tudor and Early Stuart England present Confident 1486 CE 1689 CE
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235 Early Merovingian present Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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236 Lombard Kingdom present Confident 568 CE 774 CE
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237 Middle Merovingian present Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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238 Carolingian Empire I present Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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239 Carolingian Empire II present Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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240 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Confident 1328 CE 1450 CE
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241 Kassite Babylonia present Confident 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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242 Neo-Babylonian Empire present Inferred 626 BCE 539 BCE
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243 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom present Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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244 Armenian Kingdom present Confident 188 BCE 6 CE
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245 Himyar I present Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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246 Himyar II present Confident 378 CE 525 CE
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247 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty present Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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248 Saffarid Caliphate present Confident 861 CE 1003 CE
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249 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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250 Buyid Confederation present Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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251 Seljuk Sultanate present Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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252 Yemen - Era of Warlords present Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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253 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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254 Rasulid Dynasty present Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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255 Timurid Empire present Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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256 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty present Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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257 Safavid Empire present Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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258 Mahajanapada era absent Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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259 Magadha - Sunga Empire present Confident 187 BCE 65 BCE
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260 Gupta Empire present Confident 320 CE 550 CE
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261 Magadha present Confident 450 CE 605 CE
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262 Gahadavala Dynasty present Confident 1085 CE 1193 CE
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263 Kingdom of Ayodhya present Confident 64 BCE 34 CE
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264 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty present Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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265 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty present Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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266 Yangshao absent Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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267 Longshan absent Inferred 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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268 Erlitou present Inferred Disputed 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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269 Erlitou absent Inferred Disputed 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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270 Erligang absent Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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271 Early Wei Dynasty present Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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272 Northern Song present Confident 960 CE 1127 CE
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273 Jenne-jeno I absent Confident 250 BCE 49 CE
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274 Jenne-jeno II absent Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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275 Jenne-jeno III absent Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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276 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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277 Saadi Sultanate present Confident 1554 CE 1659 CE
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278 Segou Kingdom absent Inferred 1650 CE 1712 CE
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279 Bamana kingdom unknown Suspected 1712 CE 1861 CE
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280 Neguanje absent Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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281 Tairona absent Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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282 Early Xiongnu absent Inferred 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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283 Xianbei Confederation present Inferred 230 CE 250 CE
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284 Xianbei Confederation absent Inferred 100 CE 229 CE
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285 Second Turk Khaganate present Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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286 Early Mongols unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1206 CE
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287 Late Mongols present Confident 1368 CE 1690 CE
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288 Zungharian Empire present Confident 1670 CE 1757 CE
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289 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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290 Orokaiva - Colonial present Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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291 Beaker Culture unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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292 Atlantic Complex unknown Suspected 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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293 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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294 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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295 Hallstatt C unknown Suspected 700 BCE 600 BCE
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296 Hallstatt D unknown Suspected 600 BCE 475 BCE
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297 La Tene A-B1 absent Inferred 475 BCE 325 BCE
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298 La Tene B2-C1 present Inferred 325 BCE 175 BCE
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299 La Tene C2-D present Inferred 175 BCE 27 BCE
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300 Proto-Carolingian present Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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301 Proto-French Kingdom present Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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302 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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303 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Confident 1450 CE 1589 CE
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304 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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305 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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306 Sarazm absent Confident 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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307 Andronovo absent Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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308 Koktepe I absent Confident 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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309 Ancient Khwarazm absent Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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310 Koktepe II absent Confident 750 BCE 550 BCE
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311 Tocharians present Inferred 129 BCE 29 CE
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312 Sogdiana - City-States Period present Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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313 Khanate of Bukhara present Confident 1599 CE 1747 CE
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314 Hmong - Late Qing absent Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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315 Hmong - Early Chinese absent Inferred 1895 CE 1941 CE
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316 Ubaid absent Confident 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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317 Uruk present Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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318 Early Dynastic present Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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319 Akkadian Empire present Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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320 Ur - Dynasty III present Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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321 Isin-Larsa present Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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322 Amorite Babylonia present Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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323 Second Dynasty of Isin present Confident 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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324 Bazi Dynasty present Confident 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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325 Dynasty of E present Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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326 Parthian Empire II present Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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327 Abbasid Caliphate II present Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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328 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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329 Formative Period absent Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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330 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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331 Susiana A absent Confident 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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332 Susiana B absent Confident 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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333 Susiana - Early Ubaid absent Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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334 Susiana - Late Ubaid absent Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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335 Susa I absent Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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336 Susa II present Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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337 Susa III present Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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338 Elam - Awan Dynasty I present Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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339 Elam - Shimashki Period present Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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340 Elam - Early Sukkalmah present Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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341 Elam - Late Sukkalmah present Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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342 Elam - Kidinuid Period present Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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343 Elam - Igihalkid Period present Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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344 Elam - Shutrukid Period present Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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345 Elam I unknown Suspected 900 BCE 744 BCE
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346 Elam II present Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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347 Elam III present Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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348 Elymais II present Confident 25 CE 215 CE
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349 Ak Koyunlu present Confident 1339 CE 1501 CE
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350 Qajar present Inferred 1794 CE 1925 CE
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351 Badarian absent Inferred 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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352 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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353 Naqada II absent Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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354 Egypt - Dynasty 0 present Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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355 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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356 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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357 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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358 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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359 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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360 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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361 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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362 Egypt - Kushite Period present Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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363 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas absent Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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364 Oaxaca - San Jose absent Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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365 Oaxaca - Rosario present Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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366 Early Monte Alban I present Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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367 Monte Alban Late I present Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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368 Monte Alban II present Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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369 Monte Alban III present Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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370 Monte Alban IIIB and IV present Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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371 Monte Alban V present Inferred 900 CE 1520 CE
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372 Sabaean Commonwealth present Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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373 Qatabanian Commonwealth present Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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374 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan present Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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375 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty present Confident 1637 CE 1805 CE
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376 Republic of Venice III present Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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377 Republic of Venice IV present Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
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378 Hohokam Culture absent Confident 300 CE 1500 CE
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379 Antebellum US present Confident 1776 CE 1865 CE
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380 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I present Confident 1454 CE 1648 CE
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381 Napoleonic France present Confident 1816 CE 1870 CE
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382 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II present Confident 1649 CE 1918 CE
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383 Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty present Confident 1310 CE 1526 CE
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384 Early United Mexican States present Confident 1810 CE 1920 CE
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385 Spanish Empire II present Confident 1716 CE 1814 CE
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386 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II present Confident 1776 CE 1917 CE
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387 Austro-Hungarian Monarchy present Confident 1867 CE 1918 CE
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388 Golden Horde present Confident 1240 CE 1440 CE
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389 Anglo-Saxon England I Transitional (Absent -> Present) Confident 410 CE 926 CE
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390 Us Reconstruction-Progressive present Confident 1866 CE 1933 CE
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391 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase absent Confident 1101 CE 1140 CE
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392 Alaouite Dynasty I present Confident 1631 CE 1727 CE
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393 Plantagenet England present Confident 1154 CE 1485 CE
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394 British Empire I present Confident 1690 CE 1849 CE
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395 Late Classic Tikal present Confident 555 CE 869 CE
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396 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I present Confident 1614 CE 1775 CE
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397 Soviet Union present Confident 1923 CE 1991 CE
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398 Anglo-Saxon England II present Confident 927 CE 1065 CE
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399 Early Modern Sierra Leone absent Inferred 1650 CE 1832 CE
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400 Early Modern Sierra Leone present Confident 1833 CE 1896 CE
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401 Kaabu present Confident 1700 CE 1867 CE
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402 Kaabu unknown Suspected 1550 CE 1699 CE
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403 Futa Jallon present Confident 1725 CE 1896 CE
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404 Mane absent Inferred 1550 CE 1650 CE
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405 Kanem present Inferred 800 CE 1379 CE
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406 Pre-Sape Sierra Leone absent Inferred 600 CE 1400 CE
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407 Sape absent Inferred 1400 CE 1550 CE
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408 Pandya Empire present Confident 1250 CE 1323 CE
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409 Anurādhapura IV present Confident 614 CE 1017 CE
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410 Polonnaruwa present Confident 1070 CE 1255 CE
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411 Anurādhapura III present Confident 428 CE 614 CE
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412 Dutch Empire present Confident 1648 CE 1795 CE
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413 Anurādhapura I present Confident 300 BCE 70 CE
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414 Jaffna present Confident 1310 CE 1591 CE
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415 Kingdom of Jimma present Inferred 1790 CE 1932 CE
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416 Adal Sultanate present Confident 1375 CE 1543 CE
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417 Tunni Sultanate present Confident 800 CE 1200 CE
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418 Ajuran Sultanate present Inferred 1250 CE 1700 CE
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419 Habr Yunis present Confident 1300 CE 1886 CE
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420 Kingdom of Gomma present Inferred 1780 CE 1886 CE
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421 Sultanate of Geledi present Confident 1750 CE 1911 CE
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422 Shoa Sultanate present Inferred 1108 CE 1285 CE
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423 Harla Kingdom present Confident 10000 BCE 2000 CE
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424 Ifat Sultanate present Confident 1280 CE 1375 CE
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425 Medri Bahri present Confident 1310 CE 1889 CE
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426 Funj Sultanate present Confident 1700 CE 1820 CE
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427 Funj Sultanate present Inferred 1504 CE 1699 CE
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428 Kingdom of Kaffa unknown Suspected 1390 CE 1499 CE
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429 Kingdom of Kaffa present Confident 1500 CE 1897 CE
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430 Kingdom of Gumma present Inferred 1800 CE 1897 CE
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431 Emirate of Harar present Confident 1650 CE 1875 CE
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432 Isaaq Sultanate present Confident 1300 CE 1886 CE
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433 Proto-Yoruba absent Confident 301 CE 649 CE
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434 Classical Ife absent Confident 1000 CE 1400 CE
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435 Late Formative Yoruba absent Confident 650 CE 1049 CE
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436 Allada absent Confident 1100 CE 1724 CE
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437 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ present Confident 1601 CE 1835 CE
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438 Whydah absent Inferred 1671 CE 1727 CE
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439 Oyo absent Confident 1300 CE 1535 CE
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440 Proto-Yoruboid absent Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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441 Sokoto Caliphate present Confident 1804 CE 1904 CE
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442 Igala present Confident 1600 CE 1900 CE
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443 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì absent Inferred 1043 CE 1911 CE
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444 Hausa bakwai present Confident 900 CE 1808 CE
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445 Kanem-Borno present Confident 1380 CE 1893 CE
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446 Foys absent Confident 1600 CE 1892 CE
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447 Benin Empire absent Inferred 1140 CE 1897 CE
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448 Imamate of Futa Toro present Confident 1776 CE 1860 CE
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449 Kingdom of Jolof present Confident 1549 CE 1865 CE
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450 Buganda absent Confident 1700 CE 1859 CE
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451 Buganda present Confident 1860 CE 1894 CE
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452 Toro absent Confident 1830 CE 1896 CE
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453 Buganda absent Confident 1450 CE 1699 CE
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454 Karagwe absent Confident 1500 CE 1916 CE
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455 Kingdom of Nyinginya absent Confident 1650 CE 1897 CE
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456 Nkore absent Confident 1450 CE 1749 CE
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457 Ndorwa absent Confident 1700 CE 1800 CE
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458 Burundi absent Confident 1680 CE 1903 CE
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459 Mubari absent Confident 10000 BCE 2000 CE
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460 Gisaka absent Confident 1700 CE 1867 CE
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461 Fipa absent Confident 1600 CE 1890 CE
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462 Bugesera absent Confident 1700 CE 1799 CE
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463 Nkore absent Confident 1750 CE 1859 CE
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464 Nkore unknown Suspected 1860 CE 1901 CE
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465 Buhaya absent Confident 10000 BCE 2000 CE
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466 Pandya Dynasty present Confident 590 CE 915 CE
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467 Early Cholas present Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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468 Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom present Confident 1675 CE 1799 CE
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469 Early Pandyas present Confident 300 BCE 300 CE
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470 Carnatic Sultanate present Confident 1710 CE 1801 CE
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471 Late Pallava Empire present Confident 300 CE 890 CE
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472 Kalabhra Dynasty present Confident 200 CE 600 CE
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473 Nayaks of Thanjavur present Confident 1532 CE 1676 CE
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474 Nayaks of Madurai present Confident 1529 CE 1736 CE
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475 British Empire IIIIIIIIII present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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476 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty present Confident 919 CE 1125 CE
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