Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Forms of money

Article

Talking about forms of money, articles are items that have both a regular use and are used as money (example: axes, cattle, measures of grain, ingots of non-precious metals)  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
article The absence or presence of article for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Article   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
1043 CE 1499 CE
A~P
Inferred No Edit
2
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
3
Rattanakosin
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
4
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
5
Ayutthaya
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
6
Antebellum US
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
7
Classical Ife
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
8
Plantagenet England
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
9
Napoleonic France
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
10
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
11
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
12
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
13
Lombard Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
14
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
15
West Burkina Faso Red IV
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
16
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
17
West Burkina Faso Red II and III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
18
Funj Sultanate
1700 CE 1820 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
19
Sape
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
20
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
21
Buganda
1700 CE 1879 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
22
British Empire I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
23
Buhaya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
24
Susiana B
-
absent
Confident No Edit
25
Isin-Larsa
-
absent
Confident No Edit
26
Kamakura Shogunate
1226 CE 1333 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
27
Early Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
28
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
29
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Confident No Edit
30
Great Ming
-
absent
Confident No Edit
31
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Confident No Edit
32
Buganda
-
absent
Confident No Edit
33
Elymais II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
34
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
35
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
36
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
37
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
present
Inferred No Edit
38
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
present
Inferred No Edit
39
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
40
Elam I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
41
Elam II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
42
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
present
Inferred No Edit
43
Susa I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
44
Susa II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
45
Susa III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
46
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Inferred No Edit
47
Hallstatt D
-
present
Inferred No Edit
48
Early Sultanate of Aussa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
49
Kingdom of Gomma
-
present
Inferred No Edit
50
Kingdom of Jimma
-
present
Inferred No Edit
51
Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
52
Latium - Bronze Age
-
present
Inferred No Edit
53
Mutapa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
54
Himyar I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
55
Himyar II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
56
Funan I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
57
Jenne-jeno III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
58
Latium - Copper Age
-
present
Inferred No Edit
59
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
60
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
61
Kidarite Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
62
Early Xiongnu
-
present
Inferred No Edit
63
Erligang
-
present
Inferred No Edit
64
West Burkina Faso Red I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
65
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
present
Inferred No Edit
66
Sarazm
-
present
Inferred No Edit
67
Sakha - Early
-
present
Inferred No Edit
68
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
present
Inferred No Edit
69
Freetown
-
present
Inferred No Edit
70
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
present
Inferred No Edit
71
Kingdom of Kaffa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
72
Emirate of Harar
-
present
Inferred No Edit
73
Carolingian Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
74
Rasulid Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
75
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
76
Elam III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
77
Andronovo
-
present
Inferred No Edit
78
Mossi
1751 CE 1897 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
79
Nkore
-
present
Inferred No Edit
80
Bugesera
-
present
Inferred No Edit
81
Gisaka
-
present
Inferred No Edit
82
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
83
Mubari
-
present
Inferred No Edit
84
Kingdom of Gumma
-
present
Inferred No Edit
85
Hallstatt A-B1
-
present
Inferred No Edit
86
Kingdom of Lydia
-
present
Inferred No Edit
87
Beaker Culture
-
present
Inferred No Edit
88
Late Shang
-
present
Inferred No Edit
89
Ashanti Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
90
Burundi
-
present
Inferred No Edit
91
Jenne-jeno II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
92
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
93
Badarian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
94
Monopalatial Crete
-
present
Inferred No Edit
95
New Palace Crete
-
present
Inferred No Edit
96
The Old Palace Crete
-
present
Inferred No Edit
97
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
98
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
99
Prepalatial Crete
-
present
Inferred No Edit
100
Kalingga Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
101
Great Zimbabwe
-
present
Inferred No Edit
102
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
103
Deccan - Neolithic
-
present
Inferred No Edit
104
Ndorwa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
105
Elam - Crisis Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
106
Karagwe
-
present
Inferred No Edit
107
Toro
-
present
Inferred No Edit
108
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
109
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
present
Confident No Edit
110
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
present
Confident No Edit
111
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
112
Koktepe II
-
present
Confident No Edit
113
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
114
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
115
Amorite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
116
Hephthalites
-
present
Confident No Edit
117
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
118
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
present
Confident No Edit
119
Hmong - Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
120
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
121
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
present
Confident No Edit
122
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
present
Confident No Edit
123
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
124
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
125
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
126
Western Zhou
-
present
Confident No Edit
127
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
128
Tairona
-
present
Confident No Edit
129
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
130
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
131
Naqada I
-
present
Confident No Edit
132
Naqada II
-
present
Confident No Edit
133
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
134
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
135
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
136
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
137
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
138
Mongol Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
139
Shiwei
-
present
Confident No Edit
140
Axum I
-
present
Confident No Edit
141
Atlantic Complex
-
present
Confident No Edit
142
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
143
Early Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
144
Proto-Carolingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
145
Middle Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
146
La Tene C2-D
-
present
Confident No Edit
147
Archaic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
148
Classical Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
149
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
150
Geometric Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
151
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
152
Heian
-
present
Confident No Edit
153
Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
154
Early A'chik
-
present
Confident No Edit
155
Late A'chik
-
present
Confident No Edit
156
Mahajanapada era
-
present
Confident No Edit
157
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
158
Vakataka Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
159
Kassite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
160
Bazi Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
161
Dynasty of E
-
present
Confident No Edit
162
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
present
Confident No Edit
163
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
present
Confident No Edit
164
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
165
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
166
Susiana B
-
present
Confident No Edit
167
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
168
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
169
Seleucids
-
present
Confident No Edit
170
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
171
Late Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
172
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Kamakura Shogunate
1185 CE 1226 CE
present
Confident No Edit
174
Warring States Japan
-
present
Confident No Edit
175
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
176
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
177
Late Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
178
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
179
Chenla
-
present
Confident No Edit
180
Late Xiongnu
-
present
Confident No Edit
181
Zungharian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
182
Funan II
-
present
Confident No Edit
183
Jenne-jeno IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
184
Mali Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
185
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
186
Uigur Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
187
Later Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
188
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
present
Confident No Edit
191
Inca Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
192
Wari Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
193
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
194
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
195
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
196
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
197
Tocharians
-
present
Confident No Edit
198
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
199
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
201
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
202
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Confident No Edit
203
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
204
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
206
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
207
Hallstatt B2-3
-
present
Confident No Edit
208
Hallstatt C
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Jolof Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
210
The Emirate of Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
211
Kediri Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
212
Majapahit Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
213
Mataram Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
Medang Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
Kushan Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Northern Wei
-
present
Confident No Edit
217
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
1500 CE 1911 CE
present
Confident No Edit
218
Durrani Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Late Classic Tikal
-
present
Confident No Edit
220
Shuar - Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
224
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
227
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
228
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
present
Confident No Edit
229
Egypt - Saite Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
230
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Carolingian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
La Tene A-B1
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
La Tene B2-C1
-
present
Confident No Edit
235
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Hellenistic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
present
Confident No Edit
238
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
239
Canaan
-
present
Confident No Edit
240
Chalukyas of Badami
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
Hoysala Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
243
Kadamba Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Kampili Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
245
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
247
Satavahana Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
248
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
249
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
250
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
251
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
255
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Confident No Edit
256
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Confident No Edit
257
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
258
Western Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
259
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
260
Early Mongols
-
present
Confident No Edit
261
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
262
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
263
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
264
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
265
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
266
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
267
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
-
present
Confident No Edit
268
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
present
Confident No Edit
269
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
270
Roman Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
271
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
272
Kansai - Kofun Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
273
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
274
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
275
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
276
Saadi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
277
Bamana kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
278
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
279
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
280
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
present
Confident No Edit
281
Late Cappadocia
-
present
Confident No Edit
282
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
283
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
284
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
285
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
286
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
287
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
288
Tabal Kingdoms
-
present
Confident No Edit
289
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
290
Khitan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
291
Late Mongols
-
present
Confident No Edit
292
Rouran Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
293
Second Turk Khaganate
-
present
Confident No Edit
294
Xianbei Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
295
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
296
Kingdom of Norway II
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Sakha - Late
-
present
Confident No Edit
298
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
300
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
301
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
present
Confident No Edit
304
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
305
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
306
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
present
Confident No Edit
307
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
308
Phrygian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
309
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
310
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
present
Confident No Edit
311
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
present
Confident No Edit
312
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
present
Confident No Edit
313
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
present
Confident No Edit
314
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
present
Confident No Edit
315
Yemen - Era of Warlords
-
present
Confident No Edit
316
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
present
Confident No Edit
317
Kaabu
-
present
Confident No Edit
318
Futa Jallon
-
present
Confident No Edit
319
Toutswe
-
present
Confident No Edit
320
Kingdom of Waalo
-
present
Confident No Edit
321
Torwa-Rozvi
-
present
Confident No Edit
322
Polonnaruwa
-
present
Confident No Edit
323
Anurādhapura III
-
present
Confident No Edit
324
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
325
Hadiya Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
326
Ifat Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
327
Kingdom of Sine
-
present
Confident No Edit
328
Allada
-
present
Confident No Edit
329
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
-
present
Confident No Edit
330
Whydah
-
present
Confident No Edit
331
Sokoto Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
332
Igala
-
present
Confident No Edit
333
Hausa bakwai
-
present
Confident No Edit
334
Foys
-
present
Confident No Edit
335
Kingdom of Cayor
-
present
Confident No Edit
336
Kingdom of Saloum
-
present
Confident No Edit
337
Kingdom of Baol
-
present
Confident No Edit
338
Imamate of Futa Toro
-
present
Confident No Edit
339
Denyanke Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
340
Kingdom of Jolof
-
present
Confident No Edit
341
Funj Sultanate
1504 CE 1699 CE
present
Confident No Edit
342
Buganda
1880 CE 1894 CE
present
Confident No Edit
343
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
344
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
345
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
present
Confident No Edit
346
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
347
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
348
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
349
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
350
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
351
Khwarezmid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
352
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
353
Monte Alban III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
354
Hohokam Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
355
Saffarid Caliphate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
356
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
357
Yangshao
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
358
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
359
Timurid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
360
Koktepe I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
361
Khanate of Bukhara
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
362
Oneota
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
363
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
364
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
365
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
366
Monte Alban II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
367
Early Illinois Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
368
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
369
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
370
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
371
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
372
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
373
Monte Alban Late I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
374
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
375
Yehuda
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
376
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
377
Sasanid Empire I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
378
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
379
Susiana A
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
380
Formative Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
381
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
382
Ghur Principality
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
383
Ak Koyunlu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
384
Mossi
1100 CE 1750 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
385
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
386
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
387
Early Monte Alban I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
388
Latium - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
389
Deccan - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
390
Phoenician Empire
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
391
Yisrael
-
unknown
Confident No Edit