Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Transport infrastructure

Port

Talking about transport infrastructure, ports include river ports. direct historical or archaeological evidence of ports is absent when no port has been excavated or all evidence of such has been obliterated. indirect historical or archaeological data is absent when there is no evidence that suggests that the polity engaged in maritime or riverine trade, conflict, or transportation, such as evidence of merchant shipping, administrative records of customs duties, or evidence that at the same period of time a trading relation in the region had a port (for example, due to natural processes, there is little evidence of ancient ports in delta egypt at a time we know there was a timber trade with the levant). when evidence for the variable itself is available the code is 'present.' when other forms of evidence suggests the existence of the variable (or not) the code may be 'inferred present' (or 'inferred absent'). when indirect evidence is not available the code will be either absent, temporal uncertainty, suspected unknown, or unknown.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
port The absence or presence of port for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Port   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Oneota
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
2
Chagatai Khanate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
3
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
4
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
5
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
6
Hawaii II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
7
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
8
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
9
Late Mongols
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
10
Yangshao
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
11
Wari Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
12
Western Turk Khaganate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
13
Late Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
14
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
15
Early Illinois Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
16
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
17
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
18
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
19
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
20
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
21
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
22
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
23
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
24
Buganda
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
25
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
26
Buganda
1700 CE 1850 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
27
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
28
Early Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
29
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
30
Hawaii III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
31
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
32
Rouran Khaganate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
33
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
34
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
absent
Confident No Edit
35
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
36
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
37
Kampili Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
38
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
39
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
40
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
41
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
42
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
43
Kara-Khanids
-
absent
Confident No Edit
44
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
45
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
46
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
47
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
48
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
49
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
50
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
52
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
53
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
54
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
55
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
56
Koktepe I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
57
Koktepe II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
58
Zungharian Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
59
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
60
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
61
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
63
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
64
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Confident No Edit
65
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Confident No Edit
66
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Confident No Edit
67
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Confident No Edit
68
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
69
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
70
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
71
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
72
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
73
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
74
Sakha - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
75
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
76
Late Cappadocia
-
absent
Confident No Edit
77
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
78
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
79
Inca Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
80
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
81
Khitan I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
82
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
83
Late A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
84
Proto-French Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
85
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
86
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
87
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
88
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
89
Second Turk Khaganate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
90
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
91
Tocharians
-
absent
Confident No Edit
92
Ghur Principality
1025 CE 1191 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
93
Roman Kingdom
-
absent
Confident Yes Edit
94
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
95
Kansai - Kofun Period
250 CE 499 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
96
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
97
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
98
Kansai - Kofun Period
500 CE 537 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
99
Isin-Larsa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
100
Kingdom of Lydia
-
present
Inferred No Edit
101
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
102
Elymais II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
103
Badarian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
104
Kidarite Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
105
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
106
Northern Wei
-
present
Inferred No Edit
107
Western Han Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
108
Jenne-jeno IV
-
present
Inferred No Edit
109
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
110
Jolof Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
111
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
112
Anurādhapura IV
-
present
Inferred No Edit
113
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
114
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
115
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
116
Late Angkor
-
present
Inferred No Edit
117
La Tene A-B1
-
present
Inferred No Edit
118
La Tene B2-C1
-
present
Inferred No Edit
119
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
120
Jenne-jeno III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
121
Tunni Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
122
Kanem-Borno
-
present
Inferred No Edit
123
Kalingga Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
124
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
125
Samanid Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
126
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
127
Anurādhapura III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
128
Hohokam Culture
-
present
Inferred No Edit
129
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
130
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
131
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
present
Inferred No Edit
132
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
133
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
134
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
135
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
present
Confident No Edit
136
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
137
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
138
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
139
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
140
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
141
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
142
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
143
Rasulid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
144
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
145
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
146
Egypt - Saite Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
147
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
148
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
149
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
150
Proto-Carolingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
151
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
152
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
153
Neolithic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
154
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
155
Pandya Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
156
Early Cholas
-
present
Confident No Edit
157
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
158
Early Pandyas
-
present
Confident No Edit
159
Ghur Principality
1192 CE 1215 CE
present
Confident No Edit
160
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
161
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
162
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
163
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
164
Archaic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
165
Classical Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
166
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
167
Geometric Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
168
Monopalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
169
New Palace Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
170
The Old Palace Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
171
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
172
Prepalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
174
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
175
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
176
Majapahit Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
177
Mataram Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
178
Himyar II
-
present
Confident No Edit
179
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
180
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
181
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
182
Chalukyas of Badami
-
present
Confident No Edit
183
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
184
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
185
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
186
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
187
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
188
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Late Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
191
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
192
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Confident No Edit
193
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
194
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
195
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
196
Phoenician Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
197
Saadi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
198
Mali Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
199
Himyar I
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
201
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
202
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
203
Ayutthaya
-
present
Confident No Edit
204
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
206
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
207
Kushan Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
208
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
210
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
211
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
212
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
213
Tairona
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
Hellenistic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
217
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
218
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
220
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
224
Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Axum I
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
present
Confident No Edit
227
Early Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
228
Middle Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
229
La Tene C2-D
-
present
Confident No Edit
230
The Emirate of Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Medang Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Canaan
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
Yehuda
-
present
Confident No Edit
235
Yisrael
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Gupta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
238
Kadamba Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
239
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
240
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
Satavahana Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
243
Amorite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
245
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
247
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
248
Seleucids
-
present
Confident No Edit
249
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
250
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
251
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Roman Kingdom
-
present
Confident Yes Edit
255
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
256
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
257
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
258
Heian
-
present
Confident No Edit
259
Kamakura Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
260
Kansai - Kofun Period
250 CE 499 CE
present
Confident No Edit
261
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
262
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
263
Later Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
264
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
265
Habr Yunis
-
present
Confident No Edit
266
Emirate of Harar
-
present
Confident No Edit
267
Early Sultanate of Aussa
-
present
Confident No Edit
268
Isaaq Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
269
Allada
-
present
Confident No Edit
270
Whydah
-
present
Confident No Edit
271
Igala
-
present
Confident No Edit
272
Foys
-
present
Confident No Edit
273
Benin Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
274
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
275
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
276
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
Confident No Edit
277
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
278
Nayaks of Thanjavur
-
present
Confident No Edit
279
Nayaks of Madurai
-
present
Confident No Edit
280
Late Pallava Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
281
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
-
present
Confident No Edit
282
Kingdom of Sine
1550 CE 1887 CE
present
Confident No Edit
283
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
284
Qasimid Dynasty XXXXXXX
-
present
Confident No Edit
285
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
286
Buganda
1851 CE 1894 CE
present
Confident No Edit
287
Kingdom of Saloum
1550 CE 1863 CE
present
Confident No Edit
288
Kingdom of Waalo
1686 CE 1855 CE
present
Confident No Edit
289
Polonnaruwa
-
present
Confident No Edit
290
Ajuran Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
291
Classical Ife
-
present
Confident No Edit
292
Kingdom of Baol
-
present
Confident No Edit
293
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Confident No Edit
294
Plantagenet England
-
present
Confident No Edit
295
Lombard Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
296
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
present
Confident No Edit
298
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Alaouite Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
300
Armenian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
301
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Saffarid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
304
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
305
Chenla
-
present
Confident No Edit
306
Funan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
307
Funan II
-
present
Confident No Edit
308
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
309
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
310
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
311
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
312
Rattanakosin
-
present
Confident No Edit
313
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
314
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
315
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
316
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
317
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
318
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
319
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
320
Khanate of Bukhara
-
present
Confident No Edit
321
Dambadaneiya
-
present
Confident No Edit
322
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
323
Jaffna
-
present
Confident No Edit
324
Adal Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
325
Sultanate of Geledi
-
present
Confident No Edit
326
Shoa Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
327
Ifat Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
328
Majeerteen Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
329
Funj Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
330
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
331
Hephthalites
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
332
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
333
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
334
Timurid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
335
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
336
Western Zhou
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
337
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
338
Sarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
339
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
340
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
341
Deccan - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
342
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
343
Uigur Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
344
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
345
Jenne-jeno II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
346
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
347
Andronovo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
348
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
349
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
350
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
351
Hawaii I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
352
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
353
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
354
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
355
Susiana B
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
356
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
357
Kingdom of Waalo
1287 CE 1685 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
358
Formative Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
359
Carolingian Empire II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
360
Oyo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
361
Kingdom of Sine
1350 CE 1549 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
362
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
363
Ak Koyunlu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
364
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
365
Deccan - Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
366
Kingdom of Saloum
1490 CE 1549 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
367
Carolingian Empire I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
368
Khwarezmid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
369
Kanem
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit