Section: General Variables
Subsection: General

Polity Language

The language of a polity.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
language The language of a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Language   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
Spanish
Confident No Edit
2
Chola Empire
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
3
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
German
Confident No Edit
4
Xianbei Confederation
-
Xianbei
Confident No Edit
5
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
6
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
7
Naqada I
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
8
Khmer Kingdom
-
Mon
Confident No Edit
9
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
10
Hmong - Late Qing
-
Hmong-Mien
Confident No Edit
11
Egypt - Saite Period
-
Demotic
Confident No Edit
12
Hmong - Late Qing
-
Hmongic
Confident No Edit
13
Hmong - Late Qing
-
Chuanqiandian
Confident No Edit
14
Northern Wei
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
15
Early Qing
-
Manchu language
Confident No Edit
16
Late Qing
-
Manchu language
Confident No Edit
17
Western Zhou
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
18
Badarian
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
19
Buhaya
-
Haya
Confident No Edit
20
Karagwe
-
Kinyambo
Confident No Edit
21
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
Czech
Confident No Edit
22
Jin Dynasty
-
Khitan
Confident No Edit
23
Ancient Khwarazm
-
Sogdian
Confident No Edit
24
Eastern Han Empire
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
25
Western Jin
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
26
Jin
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
27
Jin Dynasty
-
Middle Chinese
Confident No Edit
28
Jin Dynasty
-
Jurchen
Confident No Edit
29
Great Ming
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
30
Northern Song
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
31
Late Shang
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
32
Sui Dynasty
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
33
Tang Dynasty I
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
34
Tang Dynasty II
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
35
Early Wei Dynasty
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
36
Western Han Empire
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
37
Great Yuan
-
Mongolian language
Confident No Edit
38
Great Yuan
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
39
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
Demotic
Confident No Edit
40
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
41
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
42
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
43
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
44
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
45
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
46
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
47
Proto-Carolingian
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
48
Proto-Carolingian
-
Germanic
Confident No Edit
49
Middle Merovingian
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
50
Middle Merovingian
-
Germanic
Confident No Edit
51
British Empire II
-
English
Confident No Edit
52
Archaic Crete
-
Doric Greek
Confident No Edit
53
Elymais II
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
54
Erligang
-
archaic Chinese
Confident No Edit
55
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
56
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
Ancient Egyptian
Confident No Edit
57
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
Chuukese
Confident No Edit
58
Carolingian Empire I
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
59
Hallstatt A-B1
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
60
La Tene A-B1
-
Gallic
Confident No Edit
61
La Tene B2-C1
-
Gallic
Confident No Edit
62
La Tene C2-D
-
Gaulish
Confident No Edit
63
Classical Crete
-
Doric Greek
Confident No Edit
64
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
Qatabanic
Confident No Edit
65
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
Minoan
Confident No Edit
66
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
Early Greek
Confident No Edit
67
Geometric Crete
-
Doric Greek
Confident No Edit
68
Geometric Crete
-
Eteocretan
Confident No Edit
69
Hawaii II
-
Hawaiian
Confident No Edit
70
Hawaii III
-
Hawaiian
Confident No Edit
71
Mataram Sultanate
-
Javanese
Confident No Edit
72
Yisrael
-
Hebrew
Confident No Edit
73
Hoysala Kingdom
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
74
Hoysala Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
75
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
76
Bazi Dynasty
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
77
Dynasty of E
-
Mesopotamian Religions
Confident No Edit
78
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
79
Ubaid
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
80
Postpalatial Crete
-
Minoan
Confident No Edit
81
Postpalatial Crete
-
Early Greek
Confident No Edit
82
Prepalatial Crete
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
83
Majapahit Kingdom
-
Middle Javanese
Confident No Edit
84
Canaan
-
Canaanite
Confident No Edit
85
Chalukyas of Badami
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
86
Chalukyas of Badami
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
87
Gupta Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
88
Kadamba Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
89
Kampili Kingdom
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
90
Kampili Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
91
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
92
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
93
Magadha - Sunga Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
94
Amorite Babylonia
-
Amorite
Confident No Edit
95
Amorite Babylonia
-
Old Babylonian
Confident No Edit
96
Early Dynastic
-
Sumerian
Confident No Edit
97
Uruk
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
98
Ak Koyunlu
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
99
Ilkhanate
-
Mongolian
Confident No Edit
100
Elam III
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
101
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
Qatabanic
Confident No Edit
102
Qajar
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
103
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
104
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
105
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
106
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
107
Roman Kingdom
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
108
Republic of St Peter I
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
109
Republic of Venice III
-
Italian
Confident No Edit
110
Republic of Venice IV
-
Italian
Confident No Edit
111
Kansai - Kofun Period
-
Japanese
Confident No Edit
112
Phoenician Empire
-
Phoenician
Confident No Edit
113
Jenne-jeno I
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
114
Susa II
-
Sumerian
Confident No Edit
115
Susa III
-
Sumerian
Confident No Edit
116
Latium - Bronze Age
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
117
Latium - Iron Age
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
118
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
119
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
120
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
Middle Japanese
Confident No Edit
121
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
122
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
123
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
124
Kamakura Shogunate
-
Middle Japanese
Confident No Edit
125
Warring States Japan
-
Middle Japanese
Confident No Edit
126
Classical Angkor
-
Old Khmer
Confident No Edit
127
Classical Angkor
-
Mon
Confident No Edit
128
Classical Angkor
-
Tai
Confident No Edit
129
Late Angkor
-
Khmer
Confident No Edit
130
Khmer Kingdom
-
Khmer
Confident No Edit
131
Chenla
-
Old Khmer
Confident No Edit
132
Saadi Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
133
Saadi Sultanate
-
Berber
Confident No Edit
134
Mali Empire
-
Mande
Confident No Edit
135
Khitan I
-
Khitan
Confident No Edit
136
Early Xiongnu
-
Xiongnu
Confident No Edit
137
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
138
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
139
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
140
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
141
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
142
Wari Empire
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
143
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
144
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
145
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
146
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
147
Late Mongols
-
Khalkha
Confident No Edit
148
Zungharian Empire
-
Oirat
Confident No Edit
149
Later Wagadu Empire
-
Mande
Confident No Edit
150
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
Mande
Confident No Edit
151
Monte Alban III
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
152
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
153
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
154
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
155
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
156
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
157
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
158
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
Merotic
Confident No Edit
159
Rattanakosin
-
Thai
Confident No Edit
160
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
Nesite
Confident No Edit
161
Late Cappadocia
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
162
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
Indo-European language
Confident No Edit
163
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
Indo-European language
Confident No Edit
164
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
Chuukese
Confident No Edit
165
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
Nesite
Confident No Edit
166
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
167
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
168
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
169
Phrygian Kingdom
-
Phrygian
Confident No Edit
170
Rum Sultanate
-
Turkish
Confident No Edit
171
Tabal Kingdoms
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
172
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
173
Timurid Empire
-
Chagatai Turkish
Confident No Edit
174
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
Sabaic
Confident No Edit
175
Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty
-
Czech
Confident No Edit
176
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
Hawaiian
Confident No Edit
177
Chagatai Khanate
-
Middle Mongolian
Confident No Edit
178
Khanate of Bukhara
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
179
Koktepe II
-
Ancient Iranian
Confident No Edit
180
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
181
Durrani Empire
-
Pashto
Confident No Edit
182
Durrani Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
183
Ghur Principality
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
184
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
185
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
186
Hephthalites
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
187
Tairona
-
Atanque
Confident No Edit
188
Kidarite Kingdom
-
Sogdian
Confident No Edit
189
Proto-French Kingdom
-
Occitan
Confident No Edit
190
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
Sindhi
Confident No Edit
191
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
192
Kidarite Kingdom
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
193
Kidarite Kingdom
-
Pahlavi
Confident No Edit
194
Kidarite Kingdom
-
Brahmi
Confident No Edit
195
Ilkhanate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
196
Kushan Empire
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
197
Kushan Empire
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
198
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
French
Confident No Edit
199
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
Japanese
Confident No Edit
200
Kushan Empire
-
Kharoshthi
Confident No Edit
201
Tocharians
-
Tocharian
Confident No Edit
202
Tocharians
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
203
Erlitou
-
archaic Chinese
Confident No Edit
204
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
205
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
Xiangxi
Confident No Edit
206
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
Langues dOil
Confident No Edit
207
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
Occitan
Confident No Edit
208
Electorate of Brandenburg
-
German
Confident No Edit
209
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
Qiandong
Confident No Edit
210
Ilkhanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
211
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
212
Ottoman Emirate
-
Ottoman Turkish
Confident No Edit
213
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
Chuanqiandian
Confident No Edit
214
Northern Wei
-
Xianbei
Confident No Edit
215
Early Qing
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
216
Late Qing
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
217
Spanish Empire I
-
Castilian Spanish
Confident No Edit
218
Shuar - Colonial
-
Shuar
Confident No Edit
219
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
French
Confident No Edit
220
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
French
Confident No Edit
221
Vakataka Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
222
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
Shuar
Confident No Edit
223
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
224
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
225
Naqada II
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
226
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
Late Egyptian
Confident No Edit
227
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
Late Egyptian
Confident No Edit
228
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
229
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
demotic Egyptian
Confident No Edit
230
Spanish Empire I
-
Castilian Spanish
Confident No Edit
231
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
French
Confident No Edit
232
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
French
Confident No Edit
233
Proto-French Kingdom
-
French
Confident No Edit
234
Proto-French Kingdom
-
Langues dOil
Confident No Edit
235
State of the Teutonic Order
-
German
Confident No Edit
236
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
Akan
Confident No Edit
237
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
Twi
Confident No Edit
238
Ashanti Empire
-
Akan
Confident No Edit
239
Ashanti Empire
-
Twi
Confident No Edit
240
The Emirate of Crete
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
241
The Emirate of Crete
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
242
Monopalatial Crete
-
Minoan
Confident No Edit
243
Monopalatial Crete
-
Early Greek
Confident No Edit
244
New Palace Crete
-
suspected unknown
Confident No Edit
245
Hawaii I
-
Old Hawaiian
Confident No Edit
246
Ur - Dynasty III
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
247
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
Iban
Confident No Edit
248
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Vai
Confident No Edit
249
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
Iban
Confident No Edit
250
Kalingga Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
251
Kediri Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
252
Kediri Kingdom
-
Old Javanese
Confident No Edit
253
Majapahit Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
254
Medang Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
255
Medang Kingdom
-
Old Javanese
Confident No Edit
256
Yehuda
-
Aramaic
Confident No Edit
257
Isin-Larsa
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
258
Yehuda
-
Hebrew
Confident No Edit
259
Yehuda
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
260
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
261
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
262
Vijayanagara Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
263
Delhi Sultanate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
264
Delhi Sultanate
-
Urdu
Confident No Edit
265
Early A'chik
-
A’chik
Confident No Edit
266
Late A'chik
-
A’chik
Confident No Edit
267
Gupta Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
268
Kadamba Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
269
Kadamba Empire
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
270
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
Aramaic
Confident No Edit
271
Ur - Dynasty III
-
Sumerian
Confident No Edit
272
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
273
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
274
Mughal Empire
-
Urdu
Confident No Edit
275
Mughal Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
276
Satavahana Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
277
Satavahana Empire
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
278
Magadha - Sunga Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
279
Vijayanagara Empire
-
Telugu
Confident No Edit
280
Vijayanagara Empire
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
281
Vijayanagara Empire
-
Kannada
Confident No Edit
282
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
283
Akkadian Empire
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
284
Akkadian Empire
-
Sumerian
Confident No Edit
285
Achaemenid Empire
-
Old Persian
Confident No Edit
286
Buyid Confederation
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
287
Buyid Confederation
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
288
Achaemenid Empire
-
Aramaic
Confident No Edit
289
Achaemenid Empire
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
290
Achaemenid Empire
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
291
Achaemenid Empire
-
Egyptian
Confident No Edit
292
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
293
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
Old Elamite
Confident No Edit
294
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
295
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
German
Confident No Edit
296
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction
-
German
Confident No Edit
297
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
298
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
299
Mongol Empire
-
Chinese
Confident No Edit
300
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
301
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
302
Elam II
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
303
East Francia
-
German
Confident No Edit
304
Elam II
-
native Iranian languages
Confident No Edit
305
Parthian Empire I
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
306
Parthian Empire I
-
Pahlavi
Confident No Edit
307
Parthian Empire II
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
308
Parthian Empire II
-
Pahlavi
Confident No Edit
309
Safavid Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
310
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
311
Safavid Empire
-
Turkic
Confident No Edit
312
Safavid Empire
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
313
Sasanid Empire I
-
Pahlavi
Confident No Edit
314
Sasanid Empire II
-
Pahlavi
Confident No Edit
315
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
316
Seleucids
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
317
Seljuk Sultanate
-
Turkish
Confident No Edit
318
Seljuk Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
319
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
320
Electorate of Bavaria
-
German
Confident No Edit
321
Seljuk Sultanate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
322
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
323
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
324
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
Babylonian
Confident No Edit
325
Middle Roman Republic
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
326
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
Elamite
Confident No Edit
327
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
Akkadian
Confident No Edit
328
Early Roman Republic
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
329
Early Roman Republic
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
330
Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty
-
German
Confident No Edit
331
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
Babylonian
Confident No Edit
332
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
Hurrian
Confident No Edit
333
Monte Alban V
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
334
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
Amorite
Confident No Edit
335
Susa III
-
Proto-Elamite
Confident No Edit
336
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
Old Norse
Confident No Edit
337
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
338
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
Germanic
Confident No Edit
339
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
Early Modern Japanese
Confident No Edit
340
Late Roman Republic
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
341
Late Roman Republic
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
342
Mongol Empire
-
Mongolian
Confident No Edit
343
Middle Roman Republic
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
344
Roman Empire - Principate
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
345
Asuka
-
Old Japanese
Confident No Edit
346
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
Middle Japanese
Confident No Edit
347
Heian
-
Late Old Japanese
Confident No Edit
348
Heian
-
Middle Japanese
Confident No Edit
349
Japan - Early Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
350
Japan - Late Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
351
Japan - Final Jomon
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
352
Nara Kingdom
-
Old Japanese
Confident No Edit
353
Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period
-
German
Confident No Edit
354
Kara-Khanids
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
355
Kara-Khanids
-
Turkic
Confident No Edit
356
Western Turk Khaganate
-
Sogdian
Confident No Edit
357
Western Turk Khaganate
-
Old Turkic
Confident No Edit
358
Mongol Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
359
Western Turk Khaganate
-
Iranian
Confident No Edit
360
Early Angkor
-
Old Khmer
Confident No Edit
361
Khmer Kingdom
-
Tai
Confident No Edit
362
Khmer Kingdom
-
Pali
Confident No Edit
363
Chenla
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
364
Funan I
-
Khmer
Confident No Edit
365
Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties
-
Hungarian
Confident No Edit
366
Funan I
-
Mon
Confident No Edit
367
Funan II
-
Khmer
Confident No Edit
368
Funan II
-
Mon
Confident No Edit
369
Saadi Sultanate
-
Spanish
Confident No Edit
370
Saadi Sultanate
-
Portuguese
Confident No Edit
371
Bamana kingdom
-
Bambara
Confident No Edit
372
Mali Empire
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
373
Segou Kingdom
-
Bambara
Confident No Edit
374
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
Mande
Confident No Edit
375
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
Songhay
Confident No Edit
376
Uigur Khaganate
-
Old Turkic
Confident No Edit
377
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
Old Turkic
Confident No Edit
378
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
Sogdian
Confident No Edit
379
Mongol Empire
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
380
Mongol Empire
-
Russian
Confident No Edit
381
Mongol Empire
-
Georgian
Confident No Edit
382
Mongol Empire
-
Armenian
Confident No Edit
383
Early Mongols
-
Mongolian
Confident No Edit
384
Early Mongols
-
Kereid
Confident No Edit
385
Early Mongols
-
Tatar
Confident No Edit
386
Early Mongols
-
Naimans
Confident No Edit
387
Rouran Khaganate
-
Rouran
Confident No Edit
388
Second Turk Khaganate
-
Old Turkic
Confident No Edit
389
Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty
-
Hungarian
Confident No Edit
390
Ottoman Empire I
-
Turkish
Confident No Edit
391
Late Xiongnu
-
Xiongnu
Confident No Edit
392
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
Xiongnu
Confident No Edit
393
Early Monte Alban I
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
394
Monte Alban Late I
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
395
Monte Alban II
-
Zapotec
Confident No Edit
396
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
397
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
398
Kingdom of Norway II
-
Icelandic
Confident No Edit
399
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
Aymara
Confident No Edit
400
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
Puquina
Confident No Edit
401
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
Aymara
Confident No Edit
402
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
Puquina
Confident No Edit
403
Inca Empire
-
Quechua
Confident No Edit
404
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
Orokaiva
Confident No Edit
405
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
Orokaiva
Confident No Edit
406
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
407
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
Bactrian
Confident No Edit
408
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
Aramaic
Confident No Edit
409
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
410
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
411
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
Sindhi
Confident No Edit
412
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
Punjabi
Confident No Edit
413
Sakha - Early
-
Sakha (Yakut)
Confident No Edit
414
Sakha - Late
-
Sakha (Yakut)
Confident No Edit
415
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
Egyptian
Confident No Edit
416
Umayyad Caliphate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
417
Umayyad Caliphate
-
Coptic
Confident No Edit
418
Umayyad Caliphate
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
419
Umayyad Caliphate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
420
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Temne
Confident No Edit
421
Mossi
-
Mossi
Confident No Edit
422
Ayutthaya
-
Tai
Confident No Edit
423
Ayutthaya
-
Thai
Confident No Edit
424
Fatimid Caliphate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
425
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
Proto-Indo-European language
Confident No Edit
426
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
427
Kingdom of Gomma
-
Oromo
Confident No Edit
428
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
Hattic
Confident No Edit
429
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
430
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
Hadramawtic
Confident No Edit
431
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
Hittite
Confident No Edit
432
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
Hurrian
Confident No Edit
433
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
Old Assyrian dialect of Akkadian
Confident No Edit
434
Byzantine Empire I
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
435
Byzantine Empire II
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
436
Byzantine Empire III
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
437
East Roman Empire
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
438
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
Nesite
Confident No Edit
439
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
440
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
441
Kingdom of Lydia
-
Lydian
Confident No Edit
442
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
-
Luwian
Confident No Edit
443
Ottoman Empire I
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
444
Ottoman Empire II
-
Turkish
Confident No Edit
445
Ottoman Empire III
-
Turkish
Confident No Edit
446
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
Sabaic
Confident No Edit
447
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
Latin
Confident No Edit
448
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
Greek
Confident No Edit
449
Rum Sultanate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
450
Rum Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
451
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
452
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
NO_VALUE_ON_WIKI
Confident No Edit
453
Early Illinois Confederation
-
Miami Illinois
Confident No Edit
454
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Cayuga
Confident No Edit
455
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Mohawk
Confident No Edit
456
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
Mainic
Confident No Edit
457
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Oneida
Confident No Edit
458
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Onondaga
Confident No Edit
459
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Seneca
Confident No Edit
460
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
Tuscarora
Confident No Edit
461
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
Old Arabic
Confident No Edit
462
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Cayuga
Confident No Edit
463
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Mohawk
Confident No Edit
464
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Oneida
Confident No Edit
465
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Onondaga
Confident No Edit
466
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Seneca
Confident No Edit
467
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
Mainic
Confident No Edit
468
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
Tuscarora
Confident No Edit
469
Samanid Empire
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
470
Samanid Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
471
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
Sogdian
Confident No Edit
472
Timurid Empire
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
473
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
474
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
Sabaic
Confident No Edit
475
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
Mainic
Confident No Edit
476
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
Hadramawtic
Confident No Edit
477
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
Old Arabic
Confident No Edit
478
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
Qatabanic
Confident No Edit
479
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
Hadramawtic
Confident No Edit
480
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
Old Arabic
Confident No Edit
481
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Susu
Confident No Edit
482
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Koranko
Confident No Edit
483
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Limba
Confident No Edit
484
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Temne
Confident No Edit
485
Sape
-
Temne
Confident No Edit
486
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Mande
Confident No Edit
487
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Bullom
Confident No Edit
488
Early Modern Sierra Leone
-
Loko
Confident No Edit
489
Kaabu
-
Manding
Confident No Edit
490
Freetown
-
English
Confident No Edit
491
Freetown
-
Krio
Confident No Edit
492
Futa Jallon
-
Pulaar
Confident No Edit
493
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Limba
Confident No Edit
494
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Bullom
Confident No Edit
495
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Kissi
Confident No Edit
496
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
Krim
Confident No Edit
497
Sape
-
Bullom
Confident No Edit
498
Great Zimbabwe
-
Shona
Confident No Edit
499
Torwa-Rozvi
-
Shona
Confident No Edit
500
Mutapa
-
Shona
Confident No Edit
501
Pandya Empire
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
502
Dambadaneiya
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
503
Anurādhapura IV
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
504
Polonnaruwa
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
505
Habr Yunis
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
506
Polonnaruwa
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
507
Anurādhapura III
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
508
Dutch Empire
-
Dutch
Confident No Edit
509
Anurādhapura I
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
510
Jaffna
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
511
Jaffna
-
Sinhalese
Confident No Edit
512
Anurādhapura II
-
Sinhala
Confident No Edit
513
Kingdom of Jimma
-
Oromo
Confident No Edit
514
Adal Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
515
Adal Sultanate
-
Harari
Confident No Edit
516
Adal Sultanate
-
Argobba
Confident No Edit
517
Tunni Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
518
Tunni Sultanate
-
Maay
Confident No Edit
519
Ajuran Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
520
Emirate of Harar
-
Oromo
Confident No Edit
521
Habr Yunis
-
Somali
Confident No Edit
522
Sultanate of Geledi
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
523
Sultanate of Geledi
-
Maay
Confident No Edit
524
Shoa Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
525
Shoa Sultanate
-
Harari
Confident No Edit
526
Early Sultanate of Aussa
-
Qafar
Confident No Edit
527
Ifat Sultanate
-
Argobba
Confident No Edit
528
Shoa Sultanate
-
Argobba
Confident No Edit
529
Harla Kingdom
-
Harla
Confident No Edit
530
Harla Kingdom
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
531
Hadiya Sultanate
-
Hadiyya
Confident No Edit
532
Ifat Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
533
Ifat Sultanate
-
Harari
Confident No Edit
534
Pandya Dynasty
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
535
Medri Bahri
-
Tigrinya
Confident No Edit
536
Majeerteen Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
537
Majeerteen Sultanate
-
Somali
Confident No Edit
538
Funj Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
539
Funj Sultanate
-
Funj
Confident No Edit
540
Kingdom of Kaffa
-
Kafa
Confident No Edit
541
Kingdom of Kaffa
-
Yemsa
Confident No Edit
542
Kingdom of Gumma
-
Oromo
Confident No Edit
543
Emirate of Harar
-
Harari
Confident No Edit
544
Isaaq Sultanate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
545
Isaaq Sultanate
-
Somali
Confident No Edit
546
Proto-Yoruba
-
Proto-Yoruba
Confident No Edit
547
Classical Ife
-
Yoruba
Confident No Edit
548
Classical Ife
-
Bini
Confident No Edit
549
Late Formative Yoruba
-
Yoruba
Confident No Edit
550
Kwararafa
-
Jukun
Confident No Edit
551
Allada
-
Ajagbe
Confident No Edit
552
Allada
-
Yoruba
Confident No Edit
553
Nayaks of Thanjavur
-
Telugu
Confident No Edit
554
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
-
Yoruba
Confident No Edit
555
Whydah
-
Ajagbe
Confident No Edit
556
Oyo
-
Yoruba
Confident No Edit
557
Proto-Yoruboid
-
Proto-Yoruboid
Confident No Edit
558
Sokoto Caliphate
-
Sokoto
Confident No Edit
559
Sokoto Caliphate
-
Hausa
Confident No Edit
560
Sokoto Caliphate
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
561
Igala
-
Idoma
Confident No Edit
562
Igala
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
563
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
-
Igbo
Confident No Edit
564
Soviet Union
-
Russian
Confident No Edit
565
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
Russian
Confident No Edit
566
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
Russian
Confident No Edit
567
Burundi
-
Kirundi
Confident No Edit
568
Fipa
-
Fipa
Confident No Edit
569
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
-
Nri
Confident No Edit
570
Hausa bakwai
-
Hausa
Confident No Edit
571
Kanem-Borno
-
Kanuri
Confident No Edit
572
Kanem-Borno
-
Kanembu
Confident No Edit
573
Kanem-Borno
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
574
Foys
-
Fongbe
Confident No Edit
575
Benin Empire
-
Bini
Confident No Edit
576
Wukari Federation
-
Jukun
Confident No Edit
577
Kingdom of Cayor
-
Wolof
Confident No Edit
578
Kingdom of Saloum
-
Sereer
Confident No Edit
579
Late Pallava Empire
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
580
Nkore
-
Runyankore
Confident No Edit
581
Kingdom of Baol
-
Sereer
Confident No Edit
582
Kingdom of Baol
-
Wolof
Confident No Edit
583
Kingdom of Sine
-
Sereer
Confident No Edit
584
Kingdom of Waalo
-
Wolof
Confident No Edit
585
Jolof Empire
-
Wolof
Confident No Edit
586
Nkore
-
Runyankore
Confident No Edit
587
Imamate of Futa Toro
-
Fula
Confident No Edit
588
Pandya Dynasty
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
589
Imamate of Futa Toro
-
Arabic
Confident No Edit
590
Denyanke Kingdom
-
Fula
Confident No Edit
591
Kingdom of Jolof
-
Wolof
Confident No Edit
592
Buganda
-
Luganda
Confident No Edit
593
Buganda
-
Luganda
Confident No Edit
594
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
Kinyarwanda
Confident No Edit
595
Late Pallava Empire
-
Old Tamil
Confident No Edit
596
Early Cholas
-
Old Tamil
Confident No Edit
597
Early Cholas
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
598
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
Telugu
Confident No Edit
599
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
600
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
601
Early Pandyas
-
Old Tamil
Confident No Edit
602
Carnatic Sultanate
-
Persian
Confident No Edit
603
Late Pallava Empire
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
604
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
Prakrit
Confident No Edit
605
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
Pali
Confident No Edit
606
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
Old Tamil
Confident No Edit
607
Kalabhra Dynasty
-
Sanskrit
Confident No Edit
608
Nayaks of Madurai
-
Tamil
Confident No Edit
609
Aro
-
Igbo
Confident No Edit
610
Early Merovingian
-
Old Frankish
Confident No Edit
611
Aro
-
Efik-Ibibio
Confident No Edit