Section: Fortifications
Variable: Ditch (All coded records)
The absence or presence of ditch as a military technology used in warfare.  
Ditch
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Early Qing present Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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2 Late Qing present Inferred 1796 CE 1912 CE
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3 Archaic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 6000 BCE 2001 BCE
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4 Initial Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 2000 BCE 1201 BCE
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5 Late Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 400 BCE 101 BCE
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6 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico unknown Suspected 100 BCE 99 CE
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7 Classic Basin of Mexico absent Inferred 100 CE 649 CE
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8 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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9 Aztec Empire absent Inferred 1427 CE 1526 CE
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10 Hawaii I unknown Suspected 1000 CE 1200 CE
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11 Hawaii II unknown Suspected 1200 CE 1580 CE
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12 Hawaii III present Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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13 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period present Inferred 1778 CE 1819 CE
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14 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Inferred 600 BCE 150 BCE
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15 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Inferred 150 BCE 300 CE
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16 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Inferred 300 CE 450 CE
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17 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Inferred 450 CE 600 CE
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18 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Inferred 600 CE 750 CE
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19 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I present Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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20 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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21 Oneota unknown Suspected 1400 CE 1650 CE
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22 Early Illinois Confederation absent Inferred 1640 CE 1717 CE
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23 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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24 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident 1200 CE 1274 CE
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25 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II present Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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26 Bronze Age Cambodia absent Inferred 1200 BCE 501 BCE
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27 Bronze Age Cambodia absent Inferred 500 BCE 224 CE
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28 Funan I absent Inferred 225 CE 540 CE
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29 Funan II absent Inferred 540 CE 640 CE
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30 Chenla absent Inferred 550 CE 825 CE
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31 Early Angkor present Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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32 Classical Angkor present Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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33 Late Angkor present Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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34 Khmer Kingdom present Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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35 Ayutthaya present Inferred 1593 CE 1767 CE
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36 Rattanakosin unknown Suspected 1782 CE 1873 CE
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37 Java - Buni Culture unknown Suspected 400 BCE 500 CE
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38 Kalingga Kingdom unknown Suspected 500 CE 732 CE
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39 Medang Kingdom present Inferred 732 CE 1019 CE
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40 Kediri Kingdom present Inferred 1049 CE 1222 CE
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41 Majapahit Kingdom unknown Suspected 1292 CE 1518 CE
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42 Mataram Sultanate present Confident 1568 CE 1703 CE
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43 Chuuk - Early Truk unknown Suspected 1775 CE 1886 CE
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44 Chuuk - Late Truk unknown Suspected 1886 CE 1948 CE
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45 Geometric Crete unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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46 Archaic Crete unknown Suspected 710 BCE 500 BCE
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47 Classical Crete unknown Suspected 500 BCE 323 BCE
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48 Roman Empire - Principate present Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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49 Roman Empire - Dominate present Inferred 285 CE 394 CE
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50 East Roman Empire present Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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51 Byzantine Empire I present Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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52 The Emirate of Crete present Confident 824 CE 961 CE
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53 Byzantine Empire II present Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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54 Byzantine Empire III present Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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55 Cuzco - Late Formative unknown Suspected 500 BCE 200 CE
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56 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I unknown Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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57 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II unknown Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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58 Wari Empire unknown Suspected 650 CE 999 CE
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59 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I present Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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60 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II present Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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61 Inca Empire present Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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62 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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63 Deccan - Neolithic absent Confident 2700 BCE 1701 BCE
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64 Deccan - Neolithic unknown Suspected 1700 BCE 1200 BCE
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65 Deccan - Iron Age present Inferred 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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66 Magadha - Maurya Empire present Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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67 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms unknown Suspected 205 BCE 101 BCE
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68 Satavahana Empire present Confident 100 BCE 203 CE
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69 Vakataka Kingdom present Inferred 255 CE 550 CE
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70 Kadamba Empire unknown Suspected 345 CE 550 CE
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71 Chalukyas of Badami present Inferred 543 CE 753 CE
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72 Rashtrakuta Empire present Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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73 Chalukyas of Kalyani present Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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74 Hoysala Kingdom present Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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75 Kampili Kingdom present Inferred 1280 CE 1327 CE
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76 Vijayanagara Empire unknown Suspected 1336 CE 1646 CE
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77 Mughal Empire present Inferred 1526 CE 1858 CE
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78 British Empire II unknown Suspected 1850 CE 1968 CE
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79 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy absent Inferred 1300 CE 1565 CE
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80 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Inferred 1701 CE 1713 CE
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81 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early present Confident 1566 CE 1700 CE
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82 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Inferred 1714 CE 1848 CE
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83 Canaan present Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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84 Phoenician Empire unknown Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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85 Yisrael present Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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86 Neo-Assyrian Empire present Inferred 911 BCE 612 BCE
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87 Achaemenid Empire present Inferred 550 BCE 331 BCE
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88 Seleucids present Inferred 312 BCE 63 BCE
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89 Ptolemaic Kingdom I unknown Suspected 305 BCE 217 BCE
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90 Yehuda present Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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91 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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92 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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93 Akan - Pre-Ashanti unknown Suspected 1501 CE 1701 CE
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94 Ashanti Empire absent Inferred 1701 CE 1895 CE
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95 Icelandic Commonwealth unknown Suspected 930 CE 1262 CE
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96 Kingdom of Norway II unknown Suspected 1262 CE 1396 CE
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97 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Inferred 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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98 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic unknown Suspected 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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99 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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100 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period unknown Suspected 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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101 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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102 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period unknown Suspected 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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103 Parthian Empire I present Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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104 Indo-Greek Kingdom present Inferred 180 BCE 10 BCE
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105 Kushan Empire unknown Suspected 35 CE 319 CE
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106 Sasanid Empire I present Inferred 205 CE 487 CE
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107 Hephthalites present Inferred 408 CE 561 CE
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108 Sasanid Empire II unknown Suspected 488 CE 642 CE
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109 Umayyad Caliphate present Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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110 Abbasid Caliphate I present Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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111 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period unknown Suspected 854 CE 1193 CE
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112 Ghur Principality present Inferred 1025 CE 1215 CE
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113 Delhi Sultanate present Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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114 Sind - Samma Dynasty present Inferred 1335 CE 1521 CE
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115 Durrani Empire unknown Suspected 1747 CE 1826 CE
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116 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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117 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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118 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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119 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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120 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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121 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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122 Kansai - Yayoi Period present Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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123 Kansai - Kofun Period present Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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124 Asuka present Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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125 Heian present Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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126 Kamakura Shogunate present Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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127 Ashikaga Shogunate present Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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128 Warring States Japan present Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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129 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama present Confident 1568 CE 1603 CE
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130 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1603 CE 1868 CE
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131 Iban - Pre-Brooke unknown Suspected 1650 CE 1841 CE
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132 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial unknown Suspected 1841 CE 1987 CE
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133 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic absent Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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134 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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135 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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136 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic absent Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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137 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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138 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age absent Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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139 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia absent Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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140 Hatti - Old Kingdom absent Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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141 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II absent Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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142 Hatti - New Kingdom absent Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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143 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms absent Confident 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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144 Phrygian Kingdom unknown Suspected 900 BCE 695 BCE
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145 Tabal Kingdoms unknown Suspected 900 BCE 730 BCE
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146 Kingdom of Lydia unknown Suspected 670 BCE 546 BCE
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147 Lysimachus Kingdom present Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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148 Late Cappadocia unknown Suspected 322 BCE 93 BCE
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149 Rum Sultanate unknown Suspected 1077 CE 1307 CE
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150 Ilkhanate present Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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151 Ottoman Emirate present Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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152 Ottoman Empire I present Inferred 1402 CE 1517 CE
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153 Ottoman Empire II present Confident 1517 CE 1683 CE
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154 Ottoman Empire III present Inferred 1683 CE 1839 CE
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155 Latium - Copper Age present Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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156 Latium - Bronze Age present Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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157 Latium - Iron Age present Confident 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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158 Roman Kingdom present Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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159 Early Roman Republic unknown Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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160 Middle Roman Republic unknown Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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161 Late Roman Republic unknown Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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162 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity present Inferred 395 CE 476 CE
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163 Ostrogothic Kingdom present Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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164 Exarchate of Ravenna present Inferred 568 CE 751 CE
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165 Republic of St Peter I present Inferred 711 CE 904 CE
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166 Rome - Republic of St Peter II present Inferred 904 CE 1198 CE
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167 Papal States - High Medieval Period present Inferred 1198 CE 1309 CE
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168 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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169 Papal States - Medieval Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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170 Papal States - Medieval Period II present Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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171 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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172 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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173 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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174 Shuar - Ecuadorian present Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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175 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period unknown Suspected 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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176 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period present Inferred 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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177 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period present Inferred 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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178 Egypt - Saite Period unknown Suspected 664 BCE 525 BCE
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179 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period unknown Suspected 404 BCE 342 BCE
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180 Ptolemaic Kingdom II unknown Suspected 217 BCE 30 BCE
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181 Axum I unknown Suspected 149 BCE 349 CE
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182 Middle Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 700 CE 1077 CE
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183 Fatimid Caliphate present Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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184 Later Wagadu Empire unknown Suspected 1078 CE 1203 CE
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185 Mali Empire unknown Suspected 1230 CE 1410 CE
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186 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I present Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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187 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II present Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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188 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III present Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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189 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty unknown Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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190 Late Shang present Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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191 Western Zhou present Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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192 Jin present Inferred 780 BCE 404 BCE
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193 Western Han Empire present Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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194 Eastern Han Empire present Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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195 Western Jin present Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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196 Northern Wei present Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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197 Sui Dynasty present Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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198 Tang Dynasty I present Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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199 Nara Kingdom present Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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200 Tang Dynasty II present Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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201 Jin Dynasty present Confident 1115 CE 1234 CE
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202 Mongol Empire present Confident 1206 CE 1368 CE
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203 Great Yuan present Inferred 1271 CE 1368 CE
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204 Great Ming present Confident 1368 CE 1644 CE
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205 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation present Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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206 Late Xiongnu present Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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207 Rouran Khaganate present Inferred 300 CE 555 CE
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208 Kidarite Kingdom present Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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209 Western Turk Khaganate absent Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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210 Eastern Turk Khaganate absent Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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211 Uigur Khaganate present Inferred 745 CE 840 CE
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212 Samanid Empire present Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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213 Khitan I present Inferred 907 CE 1125 CE
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214 Kara-Khanids unknown Suspected 950 CE 1212 CE
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215 Chagatai Khanate present Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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216 Early Merovingian present Inferred 481 CE 543 CE
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217 Middle Merovingian present Inferred 543 CE 687 CE
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218 Carolingian Empire I present Inferred 752 CE 840 CE
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219 Carolingian Empire II present Inferred 840 CE 987 CE
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220 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Inferred 1328 CE 1450 CE
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221 Kassite Babylonia unknown Suspected 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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222 Neo-Babylonian Empire present Inferred 626 BCE 539 BCE
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223 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom present Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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224 Himyar I present Inferred 270 CE 340 CE
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225 Himyar II present Inferred 378 CE 525 CE
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226 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty present Inferred 822 CE 1037 CE
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227 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period present Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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228 Buyid Confederation present Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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229 Seljuk Sultanate unknown Suspected 1037 CE 1157 CE
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230 Yemen - Era of Warlords present Inferred 1038 CE 1174 CE
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231 Ayyubid Sultanate present Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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232 Rasulid Dynasty present Inferred 1229 CE 1453 CE
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233 Timurid Empire present Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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234 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1454 CE 1517 CE
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235 Safavid Empire present Confident 1501 CE 1722 CE
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236 Mahajanapada era present Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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237 Magadha - Sunga Empire present Inferred 187 BCE 65 BCE
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238 Gupta Empire present Inferred 320 CE 550 CE
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239 Magadha unknown Suspected 450 CE 605 CE
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240 Gahadavala Dynasty unknown Suspected 1085 CE 1193 CE
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241 Neolithic Middle Ganga unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 3001 BCE
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242 Kingdom of Ayodhya present Confident 64 BCE 34 CE
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243 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty unknown Suspected 650 CE 780 CE
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244 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty unknown Suspected 730 CE 1030 CE
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245 Yangshao present Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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246 Longshan present Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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247 Erlitou present Inferred 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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248 Erligang present Inferred 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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249 Early Wei Dynasty present Inferred 445 BCE 225 BCE
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250 Northern Song unknown Suspected 960 CE 1127 CE
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251 Jenne-jeno I absent Inferred 250 BCE 49 CE
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252 Jenne-jeno II absent Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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253 Jenne-jeno III absent Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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254 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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255 Saadi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1554 CE 1659 CE
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256 Segou Kingdom present Inferred 1650 CE 1712 CE
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257 Bamana kingdom present Inferred 1712 CE 1861 CE
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258 Neguanje absent Inferred 250 CE 1050 CE
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259 Tairona absent Inferred 1050 CE 1524 CE
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260 Early Xiongnu unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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261 Xianbei Confederation unknown Suspected 100 CE 250 CE
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262 Shiwei unknown Suspected 600 CE 1000 CE
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263 Second Turk Khaganate absent Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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264 Early Mongols present Inferred 1000 CE 1206 CE
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265 Late Mongols unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1690 CE
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266 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected 1670 CE 1757 CE
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267 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial unknown Suspected 1734 CE 1883 CE
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268 Orokaiva - Colonial unknown Suspected 1884 CE 1942 CE
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269 Beaker Culture present Confident 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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270 Atlantic Complex unknown Suspected 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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271 Hallstatt A-B1 unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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272 Hallstatt B2-3 unknown Suspected 900 BCE 700 BCE
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273 Hallstatt C present Inferred 700 BCE 600 BCE
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274 Hallstatt D present Inferred 600 BCE 475 BCE
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275 La Tene A-B1 unknown Suspected 475 BCE 325 BCE
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276 La Tene B2-C1 present Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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277 La Tene C2-D present Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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278 Proto-Carolingian present Inferred 687 CE 751 CE
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279 Proto-French Kingdom present Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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280 French Kingdom - Late Capetian present Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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281 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Inferred 1450 CE 1589 CE
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282 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Inferred 1589 CE 1660 CE
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283 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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284 Sarazm unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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285 Andronovo present Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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286 Koktepe I unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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287 Ancient Khwarazm unknown Suspected 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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288 Koktepe II unknown Suspected 750 BCE 550 BCE
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289 Tocharians unknown Suspected 129 BCE 29 CE
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290 Sogdiana - City-States Period unknown Suspected 604 CE 711 CE
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291 Khanate of Bukhara unknown Suspected 1599 CE 1747 CE
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292 Hmong - Late Qing present Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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293 Hmong - Early Chinese present Inferred 1895 CE 1941 CE
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294 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Inferred 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
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295 Ubaid absent Confident 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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296 Uruk unknown Suspected 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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297 Early Dynastic unknown Suspected 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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298 Akkadian Empire unknown Suspected 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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299 Ur - Dynasty III unknown Suspected 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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300 Isin-Larsa unknown Suspected 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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301 Amorite Babylonia unknown Suspected 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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302 Second Dynasty of Isin unknown Suspected 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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303 Bazi Dynasty unknown Suspected 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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304 Dynasty of E unknown Suspected 979 BCE 732 BCE
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305 Parthian Empire II present Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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306 Abbasid Caliphate II present Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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307 Pre-Ceramic Period unknown Suspected 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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308 Formative Period unknown Suspected 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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309 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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310 Susiana A unknown Suspected 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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311 Susiana B unknown Suspected 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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312 Susiana - Early Ubaid unknown Suspected 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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313 Susiana - Late Ubaid unknown Suspected 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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314 Susa I unknown Suspected 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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315 Susa II unknown Suspected 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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316 Susa III unknown Suspected 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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317 Elam - Awan Dynasty I unknown Suspected 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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318 Elam - Shimashki Period unknown Suspected 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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319 Elam - Early Sukkalmah unknown Suspected 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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320 Elam - Late Sukkalmah unknown Suspected 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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321 Elam - Kidinuid Period unknown Suspected 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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322 Elam - Igihalkid Period unknown Suspected 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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323 Elam - Shutrukid Period unknown Suspected 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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324 Elam - Crisis Period unknown Suspected 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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325 Elam I unknown Suspected 900 BCE 744 BCE
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326 Elam II unknown Suspected 743 BCE 647 BCE
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327 Elam III unknown Suspected 612 BCE 539 BCE
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328 Elymais II unknown Suspected 25 CE 215 CE
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329 Ak Koyunlu unknown Suspected 1339 CE 1501 CE
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330 Qajar present Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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331 Badarian absent Confident 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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332 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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333 Naqada II absent Inferred 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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334 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Confident Uncertain 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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335 Egypt - Dynasty 0 present Confident Uncertain 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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336 Egypt - Dynasty I absent Confident Uncertain 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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337 Egypt - Dynasty I present Confident Uncertain 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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338 Egypt - Dynasty II absent Confident Uncertain 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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339 Egypt - Dynasty II present Confident Uncertain 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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340 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom absent Confident Uncertain 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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341 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom present Confident Uncertain 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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342 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom absent Confident Uncertain 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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343 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom present Confident Uncertain 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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344 Egypt - Period of the Regions absent Confident Uncertain 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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345 Egypt - Period of the Regions present Confident Uncertain 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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346 Egypt - Middle Kingdom present Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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347 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period present Confident 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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348 Egypt - Kushite Period present Inferred 747 BCE 656 BCE
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349 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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350 Oaxaca - San Jose unknown Suspected 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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351 Oaxaca - Rosario unknown Suspected 700 BCE 500 BCE
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352 Early Monte Alban I absent Inferred 500 BCE 300 BCE
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353 Monte Alban Late I absent Inferred 300 BCE 100 BCE
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354 Monte Alban II absent Inferred 100 BCE 200 CE
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355 Monte Alban III absent Inferred 200 CE 500 CE
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356 Monte Alban IIIB and IV absent Inferred 500 CE 900 CE
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357 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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358 Neolithic Yemen unknown Suspected 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
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359 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Inferred 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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360 Sabaean Commonwealth unknown Suspected 800 BCE 451 BCE
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361 Qatabanian Commonwealth unknown Suspected 450 BCE 111 BCE
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362 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan unknown Suspected 110 BCE 149 CE
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363 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
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364 Peiligang unknown Suspected 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
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365 Republic of Venice III present Confident 1204 CE 1563 CE
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366 Republic of Venice IV present Confident 1564 CE 1797 CE
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