Section: Fortifications
Variable: Modern Fortification (All coded records)
The absence or presence of modern_fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  
Modern Fortification
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Year(s) Edit Desc
1 Early Qing absent Confident 1644 CE 1796 CE
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2 Late Qing present Confident 1796 CE 1912 CE
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3 Late Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 400 BCE 101 BCE
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4 Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico absent Confident 100 BCE 99 CE
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5 Classic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 100 CE 649 CE
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6 Epiclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 650 CE 899 CE
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7 Toltecs absent Confident 900 CE 1199 CE
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8 Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico absent Confident 1200 CE 1426 CE
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9 Aztec Empire absent Confident 1427 CE 1526 CE
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10 Hawaii I absent Confident 1000 CE 1200 CE
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11 Hawaii II absent Confident 1200 CE 1580 CE
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12 Hawaii III absent Confident 1580 CE 1778 CE
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13 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period absent Confident 1778 CE 1819 CE
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14 Cahokia - Early Woodland absent Confident 600 BCE 150 BCE
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15 Cahokia - Middle Woodland absent Confident 150 BCE 300 CE
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16 Cahokia - Late Woodland I absent Confident 300 CE 450 CE
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17 Cahokia - Late Woodland II absent Confident 450 CE 600 CE
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18 Cahokia - Late Woodland III absent Confident 600 CE 750 CE
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19 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I absent Confident 750 CE 900 CE
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20 Cahokia - Sand Prairie absent Confident 1275 CE 1400 CE
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21 Oneota absent Confident 1400 CE 1650 CE
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22 Early Illinois Confederation absent Confident 1640 CE 1717 CE
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23 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling absent Confident 1055 CE 1199 CE
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24 Cahokia - Moorehead absent Confident 1200 CE 1274 CE
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25 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II absent Confident 900 CE 1049 CE
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26 Bronze Age Cambodia absent Confident 1200 BCE 501 BCE
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27 Bronze Age Cambodia absent Confident 500 BCE 224 CE
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28 Funan I absent Confident 225 CE 540 CE
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29 Funan II absent Confident 540 CE 640 CE
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30 Chenla absent Inferred 550 CE 825 CE
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31 Early Angkor absent Confident 802 CE 1100 CE
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32 Classical Angkor absent Confident 1100 CE 1220 CE
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33 Late Angkor absent Confident 1220 CE 1432 CE
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34 Khmer Kingdom absent Confident 1432 CE 1594 CE
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35 Ayutthaya unknown Suspected 1593 CE 1767 CE
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36 Rattanakosin unknown Suspected 1782 CE 1873 CE
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37 Java - Buni Culture absent Confident 400 BCE 500 CE
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38 Kalingga Kingdom absent Confident 500 CE 732 CE
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39 Medang Kingdom absent Confident 732 CE 1019 CE
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40 Kediri Kingdom absent Confident 1049 CE 1222 CE
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41 Majapahit Kingdom unknown Suspected 1292 CE 1518 CE
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42 Mataram Sultanate unknown Suspected 1568 CE 1703 CE
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43 Chuuk - Early Truk absent Confident 1775 CE 1886 CE
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44 Chuuk - Late Truk absent Confident 1886 CE 1948 CE
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45 Neolithic Crete absent Confident 7000 BCE 3000 BCE
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46 Prepalatial Crete absent Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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47 The Old Palace Crete absent Confident 1900 BCE 1700 BCE
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48 New Palace Crete absent Confident 1700 BCE 1450 BCE
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49 Monopalatial Crete absent Confident 1450 BCE 1300 BCE
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50 Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1300 BCE 1200 BCE
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51 Final Postpalatial Crete absent Confident 1200 BCE 1000 BCE
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52 Geometric Crete absent Confident 1000 BCE 710 BCE
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53 Archaic Crete absent Confident 710 BCE 500 BCE
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54 Classical Crete absent Confident 500 BCE 323 BCE
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55 Hellenistic Crete absent Confident 323 BCE 69 BCE
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56 Roman Empire - Principate absent Confident 31 BCE 284 CE
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57 Roman Empire - Dominate absent Confident 285 CE 394 CE
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58 East Roman Empire absent Confident 395 CE 631 CE
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59 Byzantine Empire I absent Confident 632 CE 866 CE
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60 Byzantine Empire II absent Confident 867 CE 1072 CE
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61 Byzantine Empire III absent Confident 1073 CE 1204 CE
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62 Cuzco - Late Formative absent Confident 500 BCE 200 CE
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63 Cuzco - Early Intermediate I absent Confident 200 CE 499 CE
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64 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II absent Confident 500 CE 649 CE
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65 Wari Empire absent Confident 650 CE 999 CE
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66 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I absent Confident 1000 CE 1250 CE
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67 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II absent Confident 1250 CE 1400 CE
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68 Inca Empire absent Confident 1375 CE 1532 CE
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69 Spanish Empire I present Confident 1516 CE 1715 CE
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70 Deccan - Neolithic absent Confident 2700 BCE 1200 BCE
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71 Deccan - Iron Age absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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72 Magadha - Maurya Empire absent Confident 324 BCE 187 BCE
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73 Post-Mauryan Kingdoms absent Confident 205 BCE 101 BCE
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74 Satavahana Empire absent Confident 100 BCE 203 CE
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75 Vakataka Kingdom absent Confident 255 CE 550 CE
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76 Kadamba Empire absent Confident 345 CE 550 CE
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77 Chalukyas of Badami absent Confident 543 CE 753 CE
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78 Rashtrakuta Empire absent Confident 753 CE 973 CE
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79 Chalukyas of Kalyani absent Confident 973 CE 1189 CE
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80 Hoysala Kingdom absent Confident 1108 CE 1346 CE
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81 Kampili Kingdom absent Confident 1280 CE 1327 CE
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82 Vijayanagara Empire absent Confident 1336 CE 1646 CE
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83 Mughal Empire unknown Suspected 1526 CE 1858 CE
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84 British Empire II present Confident 1850 CE 1968 CE
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85 Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy absent Confident 1300 CE 1565 CE
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86 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early absent Confident 1566 CE 1713 CE
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87 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late absent Confident 1714 CE 1848 CE
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88 Canaan absent Confident 2000 BCE 1175 BCE
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89 Phoenician Empire absent Confident 1200 BCE 332 BCE
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90 Yisrael absent Confident 1030 BCE 722 BCE
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91 Neo-Assyrian Empire absent Confident 911 BCE 612 BCE
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92 Achaemenid Empire absent Confident 550 BCE 331 BCE
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93 Seleucids absent Confident 312 BCE 63 BCE
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94 Ptolemaic Kingdom I absent Confident 305 BCE 217 BCE
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95 Yehuda absent Confident 141 BCE 63 BCE
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96 Early A'chik absent Confident 1775 CE 1867 CE
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97 Late A'chik absent Confident 1867 CE 1956 CE
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98 Akan - Pre-Ashanti absent Confident 1501 CE 1701 CE
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99 Ashanti Empire absent Confident 1701 CE 1895 CE
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100 Icelandic Commonwealth absent Confident 930 CE 1262 CE
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101 Kingdom of Norway II absent Confident 1262 CE 1396 CE
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102 Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7500 BCE 5500 BCE
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103 Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 4000 BCE
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104 Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic absent Confident 4000 BCE 3200 BCE
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105 Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period absent Confident 3200 BCE 2500 BCE
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106 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I absent Confident 2500 BCE 2100 BCE
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107 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II absent Confident 2100 BCE 1800 CE
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108 Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period absent Confident 1800 BCE 1300 BCE
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109 Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period absent Confident 1300 BCE 500 BCE
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110 Parthian Empire I absent Confident 247 BCE 40 CE
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111 Indo-Greek Kingdom absent Confident 180 BCE 10 BCE
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112 Kushan Empire absent Confident 35 CE 319 CE
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113 Sasanid Empire I absent Confident 205 CE 487 CE
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114 Hephthalites absent Confident 408 CE 561 CE
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115 Sasanid Empire II absent Confident 488 CE 642 CE
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116 Umayyad Caliphate absent Confident 661 CE 750 CE
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117 Abbasid Caliphate I absent Confident 750 CE 946 CE
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118 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period absent Confident 854 CE 1193 CE
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119 Ghur Principality absent Confident 1025 CE 1215 CE
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120 Delhi Sultanate absent Confident 1206 CE 1526 CE
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121 Sind - Samma Dynasty unknown Suspected 1335 CE 1521 CE
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122 Durrani Empire present Confident 1747 CE 1826 CE
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123 Japan - Incipient Jomon absent Confident 13600 BCE 9200 BCE
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124 Japan - Initial Jomon absent Confident 9200 BCE 5300 BCE
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125 Japan - Early Jomon absent Confident 5300 BCE 3500 BCE
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126 Japan - Middle Jomon absent Confident 3500 BCE 2500 BCE
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127 Japan - Late Jomon absent Confident 2500 BCE 1200 BCE
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128 Japan - Final Jomon absent Confident 1200 BCE 300 BCE
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129 Kansai - Yayoi Period absent Confident 300 BCE 250 CE
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130 Kansai - Kofun Period absent Confident 250 CE 537 CE
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131 Asuka absent Confident 538 CE 710 CE
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132 Heian absent Confident 794 CE 1185 CE
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133 Kamakura Shogunate absent Confident 1185 CE 1333 CE
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134 Ashikaga Shogunate absent Confident 1336 CE 1467 CE
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135 Warring States Japan absent Confident 1467 CE 1568 CE
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136 Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama unknown Suspected 1568 CE 1603 CE
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137 Tokugawa Shogunate present Confident 1855 CE 1868 CE
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138 Tokugawa Shogunate absent Confident 1603 CE 1854 CE
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139 Iban - Pre-Brooke absent Confident 1650 CE 1841 CE
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140 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial absent Confident 1841 CE 1987 CE
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141 Konya Plain - Early Neolithic absent Confident 9600 BCE 7000 BCE
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142 Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic absent Confident 7000 BCE 6600 BCE
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143 Konya Plain - Late Neolithic absent Confident 6600 BCE 6000 BCE
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144 Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic absent Confident 6000 BCE 5500 BCE
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145 Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic absent Confident 5500 BCE 3000 BCE
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146 Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age absent Confident 3000 BCE 2000 BCE
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147 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia absent Confident 2000 BCE 1700 BCE
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148 Hatti - Old Kingdom absent Confident 1650 BCE 1500 BCE
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149 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II absent Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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150 Hatti - New Kingdom absent Confident 1400 BCE 1180 BCE
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151 Neo-Hittite Kingdoms absent Confident 1180 BCE 900 BCE
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152 Phrygian Kingdom absent Confident 900 BCE 695 BCE
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153 Tabal Kingdoms absent Confident 900 BCE 730 BCE
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154 Kingdom of Lydia absent Confident 670 BCE 546 BCE
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155 Lysimachus Kingdom absent Confident 323 BCE 281 BCE
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156 Late Cappadocia absent Confident 322 BCE 93 BCE
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157 Rum Sultanate absent Inferred 1077 CE 1307 CE
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158 Ilkhanate absent Confident 1256 CE 1339 CE
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159 Ottoman Emirate absent Confident 1299 CE 1402 CE
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160 Ottoman Empire I absent Confident 1402 CE 1517 CE
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161 Ottoman Empire II unknown Suspected 1517 CE 1683 CE
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162 Ottoman Empire III present Confident 1683 CE 1839 CE
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163 Latium - Copper Age absent Confident 3600 BCE 1800 BCE
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164 Latium - Bronze Age absent Confident 1800 BCE 900 BCE
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165 Latium - Iron Age absent Confident 1000 BCE 580 BCE
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166 Roman Kingdom absent Confident 716 BCE 509 BCE
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167 Early Roman Republic absent Confident 509 BCE 264 BCE
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168 Middle Roman Republic absent Confident 264 BCE 133 BCE
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169 Late Roman Republic absent Confident 133 BCE 31 BCE
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170 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity absent Confident 395 CE 476 CE
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171 Ostrogothic Kingdom absent Confident 489 CE 554 CE
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172 Exarchate of Ravenna absent Confident 568 CE 751 CE
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173 Republic of St Peter I absent Confident 711 CE 904 CE
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174 Rome - Republic of St Peter II absent Confident 904 CE 1198 CE
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175 Papal States - High Medieval Period absent Confident 1198 CE 1309 CE
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176 Papal States - Renaissance Period present Confident 1378 CE 1527 CE
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177 Papal States - Medieval Period I present Confident 1527 CE 1648 CE
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178 Papal States - Medieval Period II present Confident 1648 CE 1809 CE
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179 Sakha - Early absent Confident 1400 CE 1632 CE
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180 Sakha - Late absent Confident 1632 CE 1900 CE
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181 Shuar - Colonial absent Confident 1534 CE 1830 CE
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182 Shuar - Ecuadorian absent Confident 1831 CE 1931 CE
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183 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period absent Confident 1550 BCE 1293 BCE
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184 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period absent Confident 1293 BCE 1070 BCE
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185 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period absent Confident 1069 BCE 747 BCE
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186 Egypt - Saite Period absent Confident 664 BCE 525 BCE
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187 Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period absent Confident 404 BCE 342 BCE
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188 Ptolemaic Kingdom II absent Confident 217 BCE 30 BCE
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189 Axum I absent Confident 149 BCE 349 CE
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190 Middle Wagadu Empire absent Confident 700 CE 1077 CE
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191 Fatimid Caliphate absent Confident 909 CE 1171 CE
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192 Later Wagadu Empire absent Confident 1078 CE 1203 CE
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193 Mali Empire absent Confident 1230 CE 1410 CE
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194 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I absent Confident 1260 CE 1348 CE
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195 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II absent Confident 1348 CE 1412 CE
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196 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III absent Confident 1412 CE 1517 CE
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197 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty absent Confident 1493 CE 1591 CE
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198 Late Shang absent Confident 1250 BCE 1045 BCE
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199 Western Zhou absent Confident 1122 BCE 771 BCE
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200 Jin absent Confident 780 BCE 404 BCE
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201 Western Han Empire absent Confident 202 BCE 9 CE
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202 Eastern Han Empire absent Confident 25 CE 220 CE
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203 Western Jin absent Confident 265 CE 317 CE
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204 Northern Wei absent Confident 386 CE 534 CE
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205 Sui Dynasty absent Confident 581 CE 618 CE
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206 Tang Dynasty I absent Confident 617 CE 763 CE
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207 Nara Kingdom absent Confident 710 CE 794 CE
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208 Tang Dynasty II absent Confident 763 CE 907 CE
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209 Jin Dynasty unknown Suspected 1115 CE 1234 CE
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210 Mongol Empire unknown Suspected 1206 CE 1368 CE
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211 Great Yuan absent Confident 1271 CE 1368 CE
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212 Great Ming unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1644 CE
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213 Xiongnu Imperial Confederation absent Confident 209 BCE 60 BCE
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214 Late Xiongnu absent Confident 60 BCE 100 CE
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215 Rouran Khaganate absent Confident 300 CE 555 CE
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216 Kidarite Kingdom absent Confident 388 CE 477 CE
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217 Western Turk Khaganate absent Confident 582 CE 630 CE
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218 Eastern Turk Khaganate absent Confident 583 CE 630 CE
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219 Uigur Khaganate unknown Suspected 745 CE 840 CE
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220 Samanid Empire absent Confident 819 CE 999 CE
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221 Khitan I absent Confident 907 CE 1125 CE
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222 Kara-Khanids absent Confident 950 CE 1212 CE
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223 Chagatai Khanate absent Confident 1263 CE 1402 CE
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224 Early Merovingian absent Confident 481 CE 543 CE
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225 Middle Merovingian absent Confident 543 CE 687 CE
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226 Carolingian Empire I absent Confident 752 CE 840 CE
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227 Carolingian Empire II absent Confident 840 CE 987 CE
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228 French Kingdom - Early Valois present Inferred 1328 CE 1450 CE
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229 Kassite Babylonia absent Confident 1595 BCE 1150 BCE
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230 Neo-Babylonian Empire absent Confident 626 BCE 539 BCE
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231 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom absent Confident 256 BCE 125 BCE
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232 Himyar I absent Confident 270 CE 340 CE
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233 Himyar II absent Confident 378 CE 525 CE
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234 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty absent Confident 822 CE 1037 CE
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235 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period absent Confident 868 CE 969 CE
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236 Buyid Confederation absent Confident 932 CE 1062 CE
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237 Seljuk Sultanate absent Confident 1037 CE 1157 CE
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238 Yemen - Era of Warlords absent Confident 1038 CE 1174 CE
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239 Ayyubid Sultanate absent Confident 1171 CE 1250 CE
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240 Rasulid Dynasty absent Confident 1229 CE 1453 CE
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241 Timurid Empire absent Confident 1370 CE 1526 CE
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242 Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty absent Confident 1454 CE 1517 CE
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243 Safavid Empire unknown Suspected 1501 CE 1722 CE
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244 Mahajanapada era absent Confident 600 BCE 324 BCE
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245 Magadha - Sunga Empire absent Confident 187 BCE 65 BCE
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246 Gupta Empire absent Confident 320 CE 550 CE
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247 Magadha absent Confident 450 CE 605 CE
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248 Gahadavala Dynasty absent Confident 1085 CE 1193 CE
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249 Kingdom of Ayodhya absent Confident 64 BCE 34 CE
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250 Kannauj - Varman Dynasty absent Confident 650 CE 780 CE
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251 Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty absent Confident 730 CE 1030 CE
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252 Yangshao absent Confident 5000 BCE 3000 BCE
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253 Longshan absent Confident 3000 BCE 1900 BCE
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254 Erlitou absent Confident 1850 BCE 1600 BCE
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255 Erligang absent Confident 1650 BCE 1250 BCE
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256 Early Wei Dynasty absent Confident 445 BCE 225 BCE
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257 Northern Song present Inferred 960 CE 1127 CE
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258 Jenne-jeno I absent Confident 250 BCE 49 CE
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259 Jenne-jeno II absent Confident 50 CE 399 CE
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260 Jenne-jeno III absent Confident 400 CE 899 CE
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261 Jenne-jeno IV absent Confident 900 CE 1300 CE
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262 Saadi Sultanate unknown Suspected 1554 CE 1659 CE
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263 Segou Kingdom absent Inferred 1650 CE 1712 CE
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264 Bamana kingdom absent Inferred 1712 CE 1861 CE
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265 Neguanje absent Confident 250 CE 1050 CE
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266 Tairona absent Confident 1050 CE 1524 CE
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267 Early Xiongnu absent Confident 1400 BCE 300 BCE
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268 Xianbei Confederation absent Inferred 100 CE 250 CE
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269 Shiwei absent Confident 600 CE 1000 CE
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270 Second Turk Khaganate absent Confident 682 CE 744 CE
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271 Early Mongols absent Confident 1000 CE 1206 CE
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272 Late Mongols unknown Suspected 1368 CE 1690 CE
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273 Zungharian Empire unknown Suspected 1670 CE 1757 CE
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274 Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial absent Confident 1734 CE 1883 CE
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275 Orokaiva - Colonial absent Confident 1884 CE 1942 CE
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276 Beaker Culture absent Inferred 3200 BCE 2000 BCE
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277 Atlantic Complex absent Confident 2200 BCE 1000 BCE
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278 Hallstatt A-B1 absent Confident 1000 BCE 900 BCE
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279 Hallstatt B2-3 absent Confident 900 BCE 700 BCE
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280 Hallstatt C absent Inferred 700 BCE 600 BCE
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281 Hallstatt D absent Confident 600 BCE 475 BCE
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282 La Tene A-B1 absent Confident 475 BCE 325 BCE
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283 La Tene B2-C1 absent Confident 325 BCE 175 BCE
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284 La Tene C2-D absent Confident 175 BCE 27 BCE
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285 Proto-Carolingian absent Confident 687 CE 751 CE
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286 Proto-French Kingdom absent Confident 987 CE 1150 CE
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287 French Kingdom - Late Capetian absent Confident 1150 CE 1328 CE
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288 French Kingdom - Late Valois present Inferred 1450 CE 1589 CE
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289 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon present Confident 1589 CE 1660 CE
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290 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon present Confident 1660 CE 1815 CE
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291 Sarazm absent Confident 3500 BCE 2000 BCE
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292 Andronovo absent Confident 1800 BCE 1200 BCE
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293 Koktepe I unknown Suspected 1400 BCE 1000 BCE
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294 Ancient Khwarazm absent Confident 1000 BCE 521 BCE
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295 Koktepe II unknown Suspected 750 BCE 550 BCE
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296 Tocharians absent Confident 129 BCE 29 CE
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297 Sogdiana - City-States Period absent Confident 604 CE 711 CE
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298 Khanate of Bukhara unknown Suspected 1599 CE 1747 CE
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299 Hmong - Late Qing unknown Suspected 1701 CE 1895 CE
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300 Hmong - Early Chinese unknown Suspected 1895 CE 1941 CE
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301 Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic absent Confident 9000 BCE 5501 BCE
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302 Ubaid absent Confident 5500 BCE 4201 BCE
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303 Uruk absent Confident 4000 BCE 2900 BCE
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304 Early Dynastic absent Confident 2900 BCE 2500 BCE
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305 Akkadian Empire absent Confident 2270 BCE 2083 BCE
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306 Ur - Dynasty III absent Confident 2112 BCE 2004 BCE
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307 Isin-Larsa absent Confident 2004 BCE 1763 BCE
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308 Amorite Babylonia absent Confident 2000 BCE 1600 BCE
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309 Second Dynasty of Isin absent Confident 1153 BCE 1027 BCE
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310 Bazi Dynasty absent Confident 1005 BCE 986 BCE
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311 Dynasty of E absent Confident 979 BCE 732 BCE
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312 Parthian Empire II absent Confident 41 CE 226 CE
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313 Abbasid Caliphate II absent Confident 1191 CE 1258 CE
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314 Pre-Ceramic Period absent Confident 7800 BCE 7200 BCE
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315 Formative Period absent Confident 7200 BCE 7000 BCE
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316 Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar absent Confident 7000 BCE 6000 BCE
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317 Susiana A absent Confident 6000 BCE 5700 BCE
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318 Susiana B absent Confident 5700 BCE 5100 BCE
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319 Susiana - Early Ubaid absent Confident 5100 BCE 4700 BCE
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320 Susiana - Late Ubaid absent Confident 4700 BCE 4300 BCE
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321 Susa I absent Confident 4300 BCE 3800 BCE
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322 Susa II absent Confident 3800 BCE 3100 BCE
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323 Susa III absent Confident 3100 BCE 2675 BCE
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324 Elam - Awan Dynasty I absent Confident 2675 BCE 2100 BCE
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325 Elam - Shimashki Period absent Confident 2028 BCE 1940 BCE
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326 Elam - Early Sukkalmah absent Confident 1900 BCE 1701 BCE
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327 Elam - Late Sukkalmah absent Confident 1700 BCE 1500 BCE
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328 Elam - Kidinuid Period absent Confident 1500 BCE 1400 BCE
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329 Elam - Igihalkid Period absent Confident 1399 BCE 1200 BCE
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330 Elam - Shutrukid Period absent Confident 1199 BCE 1100 BCE
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331 Elam - Crisis Period absent Confident 1100 BCE 900 BCE
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332 Elam I absent Confident 900 BCE 744 BCE
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333 Elam II absent Confident 743 BCE 647 BCE
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334 Elam III absent Confident 612 BCE 539 BCE
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335 Elymais II absent Confident 25 CE 215 CE
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336 Ak Koyunlu unknown Suspected 1339 CE 1501 CE
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337 Qajar present Confident 1794 CE 1925 CE
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338 Badarian absent Confident 4400 BCE 3800 BCE
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339 Naqada I absent Inferred 3800 BCE 3550 BCE
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340 Naqada II absent Confident 3550 BCE 3300 BCE
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341 Egypt - Dynasty 0 absent Confident 3300 BCE 3100 BCE
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342 Egypt - Dynasty I absent Confident 3100 BCE 2900 BCE
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343 Egypt - Dynasty II absent Confident 2900 BCE 2687 BCE
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344 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom absent Confident 2650 BCE 2350 BCE
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345 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom absent Confident 2350 BCE 2150 BCE
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346 Egypt - Period of the Regions absent Confident 2150 BCE 2016 BCE
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347 Egypt - Middle Kingdom absent Confident 2016 BCE 1700 BCE
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348 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period absent Inferred 1720 BCE 1567 BCE
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349 Egypt - Kushite Period absent Confident 747 BCE 656 BCE
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350 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas absent Confident 1400 BCE 1150 BCE
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351 Oaxaca - San Jose absent Confident 1150 BCE 700 BCE
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352 Oaxaca - Rosario absent Confident 700 BCE 500 BCE
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353 Early Monte Alban I absent Confident 500 BCE 300 BCE
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354 Monte Alban Late I absent Confident 300 BCE 100 BCE
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355 Monte Alban II absent Confident 100 BCE 200 CE
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356 Monte Alban III absent Confident 200 CE 500 CE
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357 Monte Alban IIIB and IV absent Confident 500 CE 900 CE
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358 Monte Alban V absent Confident 900 CE 1520 CE
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359 Neolithic Yemen absent Confident 3500 BCE 1201 BCE
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360 Yemen - Late Bronze Age absent Confident 1200 BCE 801 BCE
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361 Sabaean Commonwealth absent Confident 800 BCE 451 BCE
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362 Qatabanian Commonwealth absent Confident 450 BCE 111 BCE
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363 Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan absent Confident 110 BCE 149 CE
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364 Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty unknown Suspected 1637 CE 1805 CE
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365 Peiligang absent Confident 7000 BCE 5001 BCE
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366 Republic of Venice III present Inferred 1204 CE 1563 CE
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367 Republic of Venice IV present Inferred 1564 CE 1797 CE
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