Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Kinds of Written Documents

Philosophy

Talking about kinds of written documents, no Descriptions IN Codebook  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
philosophy The absence or presence of philosophy for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Philosophy   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Kansai - Kofun Period
250 CE 399 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
2
Kansai - Kofun Period
399 CE 537 CE
present
Confident No Edit
3
Icelandic Commonwealth
930 CE 1100 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
4
Icelandic Commonwealth
1101 CE 1262 CE
present
Confident No Edit
5
Early Modern Sierra Leone
1650 CE 1832 CE
absent
Inferred No Edit
6
Buganda
1700 CE 1859 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
7
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
8
Nkore
1750 CE 1859 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
9
Early Modern Sierra Leone
1833 CE 1896 CE
present
Confident No Edit
10
Buganda
1860 CE 1894 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
11
Nkore
1860 CE 1901 CE
unknown
Suspected No Edit
12
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
1867 CE 1918 CE
present
Confident No Edit
13
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
Confident No Edit
14
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
15
Northern Wei
-
present
Inferred No Edit
16
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
17
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
18
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
19
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
20
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
21
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
22
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
23
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
24
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
25
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
26
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
27
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
28
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
29
Archaic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
30
Classical Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
31
The Emirate of Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
32
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
33
Geometric Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
34
Hellenistic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
35
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
36
Tocharians
-
present
Inferred No Edit
37
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
38
Hmong - Late Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
39
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
40
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
41
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
42
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
43
Western Zhou
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
44
Yangshao
-
absent
Confident No Edit
45
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
46
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
47
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
48
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
49
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
50
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
51
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
52
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
53
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
54
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
55
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
56
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
57
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
present
Confident No Edit
58
Carolingian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
59
La Tene A-B1
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
60
La Tene B2-C1
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
61
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Monopalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
63
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
64
New Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
65
The Old Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
66
Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
67
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
68
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
69
Canaan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
70
Yehuda
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
71
Yisrael
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
72
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
73
Deccan - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
74
Deccan - Neolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
75
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
76
Akkadian Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
77
Early Dynastic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
78
Ur - Dynasty III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
79
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
80
Latium - Iron Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
81
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
82
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
83
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Inferred No Edit
84
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
85
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
86
Late A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
87
Hoysala Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
88
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
89
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
90
Kassite Babylonia
-
present
Confident No Edit
91
Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
92
Uruk
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
93
Ak Koyunlu
-
present
Inferred No Edit
94
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
95
Qajar
-
present
Confident No Edit
96
Toltecs
-
absent
Confident No Edit
97
Susa I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
98
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
99
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
100
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Inferred No Edit
101
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Inferred No Edit
102
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
103
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
104
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
105
Phoenician Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
106
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
107
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
108
Second Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
109
Uigur Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
110
Later Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
111
Inca Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
112
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
113
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
114
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
115
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
116
Sakha - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
117
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
118
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
119
Western Turk Khaganate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
120
Late Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
121
Andronovo
-
absent
Confident No Edit
122
Saadi Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
123
Mali Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
124
Rouran Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
125
Early Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
126
Late Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
127
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
128
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
129
Archaic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
130
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
131
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
132
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
133
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
134
Wari Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
135
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
136
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
137
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
138
Rattanakosin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
139
Sarazm
-
absent
Confident No Edit
140
Himyar II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
141
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
142
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
143
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
144
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
145
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
146
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
147
Phrygian Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
148
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
149
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
150
Early Illinois Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
151
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
152
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
153
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
154
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
155
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
156
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
157
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
158
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
159
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
160
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
161
Khanate of Bukhara
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
162
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
163
Durrani Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
164
Ghur Principality
-
present
Confident No Edit
165
Hephthalites
-
present
Confident No Edit
166
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
167
Erligang
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
168
Erlitou
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
169
Jin
-
present
Confident No Edit
170
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
171
Koktepe I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
172
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
174
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
175
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
176
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
177
Oneota
-
absent
Confident No Edit
178
Ancient Khwarazm
-
absent
Confident No Edit
179
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
180
Late Shang
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
181
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
182
Early Wei Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
183
Neguanje
-
absent
Confident No Edit
184
Tairona
-
absent
Confident No Edit
185
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
186
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
187
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
188
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Satavahana Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
191
Koktepe II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
192
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
193
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
194
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
195
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
196
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident Yes Edit
197
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
absent
Confident Yes Edit
198
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident Yes Edit
199
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
absent
Confident Yes Edit
200
Egypt - Saite Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
201
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
202
Axum I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
203
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
204
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
206
Proto-French Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
207
Susiana B
-
absent
Confident No Edit
208
Carolingian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Early Merovingian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
210
Proto-Carolingian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
211
Middle Merovingian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
212
La Tene C2-D
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
213
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
Hawaii I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
215
Hawaii II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
216
Hawaii III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
217
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
218
Gupta Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Kampili Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
220
Mahajanapada era
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
221
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Vakataka Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
224
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
227
Bazi Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
228
Dynasty of E
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
229
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
230
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
231
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
absent
Confident No Edit
232
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Inferred No Edit
233
Late Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
Elymais II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
235
Formative Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
236
Susiana A
-
absent
Confident No Edit
237
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
238
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
239
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
240
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
242
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
243
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
245
Heian
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
247
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
248
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
249
Seleucids
-
present
Inferred No Edit
250
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
251
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
252
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
255
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
256
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
257
Kamakura Shogunate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
258
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
259
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
260
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Confident No Edit
261
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
262
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
263
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
264
Chenla
-
present
Confident No Edit
265
Funan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
266
Funan II
-
present
Confident No Edit
267
Jenne-jeno I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
268
Jenne-jeno II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
269
Jenne-jeno III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
270
Jenne-jeno IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
271
Segou Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
272
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
273
Khitan I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
274
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
275
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
276
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
277
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
278
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
279
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
280
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
281
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Confident No Edit
282
Aztec Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
283
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
284
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
285
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
286
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
287
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Confident No Edit
288
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Confident No Edit
289
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Confident No Edit
290
Kingdom of Norway II
-
present
Confident No Edit
291
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
292
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
293
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
294
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
absent
Confident No Edit
295
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
296
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
297
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
298
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
299
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
300
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
301
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
304
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
305
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
306
Kingdom of Lydia
-
present
Confident No Edit
307
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
308
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
309
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
310
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
311
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
312
Himyar I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
313
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
314
Qatabanian Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
315
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
316
Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
317
Futa Jallon
-
present
Confident No Edit
318
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
319
Proto-Yoruba
-
absent
Confident No Edit
320
Classical Ife
-
absent
Confident No Edit
321
Late Formative Yoruba
-
absent
Confident No Edit
322
Allada
-
absent
Confident No Edit
323
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
absent
Confident No Edit
324
Proto-Yoruboid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
325
Foys
-
absent
Confident No Edit
326
Toro
-
absent
Confident No Edit
327
Buganda
-
absent
Confident No Edit
328
Karagwe
-
absent
Confident No Edit
329
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
330
Nkore
-
absent
Confident No Edit
331
Ndorwa
-
absent
Confident No Edit
332
Burundi
-
absent
Confident No Edit
333
Plantagenet England
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
334
Mubari
-
absent
Confident No Edit
335
Gisaka
-
absent
Confident No Edit
336
Fipa
-
absent
Confident No Edit
337
Bugesera
-
absent
Confident No Edit
338
Buhaya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
339
Thanjavur Maratha Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
340
Late Pallava Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
341
Mane
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
342
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
343
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
344
Pre-Sape Sierra Leone
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
345
Sape
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
346
Whydah
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
347
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
348
Benin Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
349
Kanem
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
350
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
351
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
352
Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase
-
absent
Confident No Edit
353
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
present
Confident No Edit
354
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
355
Khwarezmid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
356
Hohokam Culture
-
absent
Confident No Edit
357
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
358
Saffarid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
359
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
360
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
361
Golden Horde
-
P~A
Inferred No Edit
362
Oyo
-
absent
Confident No Edit
363
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
364
Warring States Japan
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
365
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
366
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
367
Timurid Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
368
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
369
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
370
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
371
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
372
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
373
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
374
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit