Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Transport infrastructure

Bridge

Talking about transport infrastructure, bridges refers to bridges built and/or maintained by the polity (that is, code 'present' even if the polity did not build a bridge, but devotes resources to maintaining it).  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
bridge The absence or presence of bridge for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Bridge   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Phoenician Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
2
Early Illinois Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
3
Canaan
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
4
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
5
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
6
Yisrael
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
7
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
8
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
9
Early Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
10
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
11
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
12
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
13
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
14
Hawaii II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
15
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
16
Latium - Iron Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
17
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
18
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
19
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
20
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
21
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
22
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
23
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
24
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
25
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
26
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
27
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
28
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
29
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
30
Oneota
-
absent
Confident No Edit
31
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
32
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
33
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
34
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
35
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
36
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
37
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
38
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
39
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
40
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
41
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
42
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
43
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
44
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
45
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
46
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
47
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
48
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
49
Sakha - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
50
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
52
Late A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
53
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
54
Adal Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
55
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
56
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
57
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
58
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
59
Neguanje
800 CE 1050 CE
present
Inferred No Edit
60
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
61
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
62
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
63
Funan I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
64
Egypt - Saite Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
65
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
66
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
67
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
68
Rattanakosin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
69
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
70
Wari Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
71
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Inferred No Edit
72
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
present
Inferred No Edit
73
Western Turk Khaganate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
74
Funan II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
75
Late Angkor
-
present
Inferred No Edit
76
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
77
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
78
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
79
Heian
-
present
Inferred No Edit
80
Elam III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
81
Qajar
-
present
Inferred No Edit
82
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
83
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
84
Elymais II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
85
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
86
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
87
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
88
Dynasty of E
-
present
Inferred No Edit
89
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
90
Bazi Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
91
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
-
present
Inferred No Edit
92
Kidarite Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
93
Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
94
Late Shang
-
present
Inferred No Edit
95
Western Zhou
-
present
Inferred No Edit
96
Kassite Babylonia
-
present
Inferred No Edit
97
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
98
Isin-Larsa
-
present
Inferred No Edit
99
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
100
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
101
Hmong - Late Qing
-
present
Inferred No Edit
102
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
103
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
104
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
105
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
106
Rasulid Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
107
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
108
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
109
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
110
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
111
Archaic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
112
Classical Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
113
The Emirate of Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
114
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
115
Geometric Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
116
Hellenistic Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
117
Monopalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
118
New Palace Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
119
Postpalatial Crete
-
present
Confident No Edit
120
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
present
Confident No Edit
121
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
122
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
123
Northern Wei
-
present
Confident No Edit
124
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
125
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
126
Shuar - Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
127
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
present
Confident No Edit
128
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
129
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
130
Proto-French Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
131
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
present
Confident No Edit
132
La Tene B2-C1
-
present
Confident No Edit
133
La Tene C2-D
-
present
Confident No Edit
134
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
135
Mataram Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
136
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
137
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
138
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
139
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Confident No Edit
140
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
141
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
142
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
143
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
144
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
145
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
146
Roman Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
147
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Confident No Edit
148
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
149
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
150
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
151
Timurid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
152
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
153
Middle Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
154
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
155
Medang Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
156
Yehuda
-
present
Confident No Edit
157
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
158
Late Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
159
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
160
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
161
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
162
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
163
Ak Koyunlu
-
present
Confident No Edit
164
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
165
Elam II
-
present
Confident No Edit
166
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
167
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
168
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
169
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
170
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
171
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
present
Confident No Edit
172
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Confident No Edit
174
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
175
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
176
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Confident No Edit
177
Kamakura Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
178
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
179
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Confident No Edit
180
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
181
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
182
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
183
Khitan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
184
Mongol Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
185
Inca Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
186
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
187
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
present
Confident No Edit
188
Khanate of Bukhara
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
190
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
191
Khwarezmid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
192
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
193
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
present
Confident No Edit
194
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
195
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
196
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
197
Late Cappadocia
-
present
Confident No Edit
198
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
199
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
201
Phrygian Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
202
Alaouite Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
203
Saffarid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
204
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
Tunni Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
206
Early Sultanate of Aussa
-
present
Confident No Edit
207
Foys
-
present
Confident No Edit
208
Benin Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Buganda
-
present
Confident No Edit
210
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
211
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
212
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Confident No Edit
213
Plantagenet England
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
Lombard Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
217
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
218
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
present
Confident No Edit
220
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
224
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
Confident No Edit
226
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
227
Ayutthaya
-
present
Confident No Edit
228
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
229
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
present
Confident No Edit
230
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
Rum Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
235
Ghur Principality
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit
238
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
239
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
240
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
Tairona
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
243
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Confident No Edit
245
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
247
Dambadaneiya
-
present
Confident No Edit
248
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
249
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
250
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
251
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Carolingian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Early Merovingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
255
Proto-Carolingian
-
present
Confident No Edit
256
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
257
Koktepe I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
258
Himyar I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
259
Himyar II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
260
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
261
Sarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
262
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
263
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
264
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
265
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
266
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
267
Rouran Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
268
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
269
Yangshao
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
270
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
271
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
272
Tocharians
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
273
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
274
Susiana B
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
275
Formative Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
276
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
277
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
278
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
279
Later Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
280
Zungharian Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
281
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
282
Majapahit Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
283
Late Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
284
Hawaii III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
285
Xianbei Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
286
Hawaii I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
287
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
288
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
289
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
290
Uigur Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
291
Second Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
292
Prepalatial Crete
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
293
The Old Palace Crete
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
294
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
295
Kampili Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
296
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
297
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
298
La Tene A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
299
Hohokam Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
300
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
301
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
302
Mali Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
303
Jenne-jeno IV
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
304
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
305
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
306
Ur - Dynasty III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
307
Kushan Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
308
Warring States Japan
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
309
Hephthalites
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
310
Kanem
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
311
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
312
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
313
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
314
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
315
Jenne-jeno III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
316
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
317
Jenne-jeno II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
318
Hoysala Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
319
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
320
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
321
Deccan - Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
322
Saadi Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
323
Andronovo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
324
Carolingian Empire I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
325
Oyo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
326
Susa I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
327
Seleucids
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
328
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
329
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit