Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies

Long Wall

The absence or presence or height of long walls.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
long_wall The absence or presence or height of long walls for a polity. km

# Polity   Year(s)   Long Walls   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Archaic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
2
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
3
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
4
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
5
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
6
Classic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
7
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
8
Aztec Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
9
Hawaii I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
10
Hawaii II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
11
Hawaii III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
12
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
13
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
14
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
15
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
16
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
17
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
18
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
19
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
20
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
21
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
22
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
23
Oneota
-
absent
Confident No Edit
24
Early Illinois Confederation
-
absent
Confident No Edit
25
Bronze Age Cambodia
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
26
Bronze Age Cambodia
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
27
Funan I
-
8 km
Confident No Edit
28
Funan II
-
8 km
Confident No Edit
29
Early Angkor
-
12 km
Confident No Edit
30
Classical Angkor
-
12 km
Confident No Edit
31
Late Angkor
-
12 km
Confident No Edit
32
Khmer Kingdom
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
33
Ayutthaya
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
34
Rattanakosin
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
35
Majapahit Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
36
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
37
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
38
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
39
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
40
The Old Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
41
New Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
42
Monopalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
43
Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
44
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
45
Geometric Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
46
Archaic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
47
Classical Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
48
Hellenistic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
49
The Emirate of Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
50
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
52
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
53
Wari Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
54
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
55
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
56
Inca Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
57
Spanish Empire I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
58
Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
59
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
60
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
61
Canaan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Phoenician Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
63
Yisrael
-
absent
Confident No Edit
64
Yehuda
-
absent
Confident No Edit
65
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
66
Late A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
67
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
68
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
69
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
70
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
71
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
72
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
73
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
74
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
75
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
76
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
77
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
78
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
79
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
80
Ghur Principality
-
absent
Confident No Edit
81
Delhi Sultanate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
82
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
83
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
84
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
85
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
86
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
87
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
88
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
89
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
90
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
91
Kansai - Kofun Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
92
Asuka
-
absent
Confident No Edit
93
Heian
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
94
Kamakura Shogunate
-
20 km
Confident No Edit
95
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
96
Warring States Japan
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
97
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
98
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
99
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
100
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
101
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
102
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
103
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
104
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
105
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
106
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
107
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
108
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
109
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
110
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
111
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
112
Phrygian Kingdom
-
7 km
Confident No Edit
113
Tabal Kingdoms
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
114
Kingdom of Lydia
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
115
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
116
East Roman Empire
-
56 km
Confident No Edit
117
Byzantine Empire I
-
56 km
Confident No Edit
118
Rum Sultanate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
119
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
120
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
121
Latium - Iron Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
122
Roman Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
123
Early Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
124
Middle Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
125
Roman Empire - Principate
-
119 km
Confident No Edit
126
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
85 km
Confident No Edit
127
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
85 km
Confident No Edit
128
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
50 km
Confident No Edit
129
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
85 km
Confident No Edit
130
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
50 km
Confident No Edit
131
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
132
Sakha - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
133
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
134
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
135
Neolithic Middle Ganga
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
136
Mahajanapada era
-
absent
Confident No Edit
137
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
138
Peiligang
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
139
Yangshao
-
absent
Confident No Edit
140
Longshan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
141
Erlitou
-
absent
Confident No Edit
142
Erligang
-
absent
Confident No Edit
143
Late Shang
-
absent
Confident No Edit
144
Western Zhou
-
absent
Confident No Edit
145
Jin
-
absent
Confident No Edit
146
Early Wei Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
147
Western Han Empire
-
7,200 km
Confident No Edit
148
Eastern Han Empire
-
7,200 km
Confident No Edit
149
Northern Wei
423 CE
1,073 km
Confident No Edit
150
Northern Wei
446 CE
681 km
Confident No Edit
151
Sui Dynasty
-
2,414 km
Confident No Edit
152
Tang Dynasty I
-
48 km
Confident No Edit
153
Tang Dynasty II
-
48 km
Confident No Edit
154
Northern Song
-
absent
Confident No Edit
155
Jin Dynasty
-
[1,700 to 5,000] km
Confident No Edit
156
Great Yuan
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
157
Great Ming
-
[6,259 to 6,700] km
Confident No Edit
158
Early Qing
-
[6,259 to 6,700] km
Confident No Edit
159
Late Qing
-
[6,259 to 6,700] km
Confident No Edit
160
Jenne-jeno I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
161
Jenne-jeno III
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
162
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
163
Jenne-jeno IV
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
164
Neguanje
-
absent
Confident No Edit
165
Tairona
-
absent
Confident No Edit
166
Early Xiongnu
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
167
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
168
Late Xiongnu
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
169
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
170
Rouran Khaganate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
171
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
172
Shiwei
-
absent
Confident No Edit
173
Second Turk Khaganate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
174
Uigur Khaganate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
175
Khitan I
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
176
Mongol Empire
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
177
Late Mongols
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
178
Zungharian Empire
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
179
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
180
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
181
Beaker Culture
-
absent
Confident No Edit
182
Atlantic Complex
-
absent
Confident No Edit
183
Hallstatt A-B1
-
absent
Confident No Edit
184
Hallstatt B2-3
-
absent
Confident No Edit
185
Hallstatt C
-
absent
Confident No Edit
186
Hallstatt D
-
absent
Confident No Edit
187
La Tene A-B1
-
absent
Confident No Edit
188
La Tene B2-C1
-
absent
Confident No Edit
189
La Tene C2-D
-
absent
Confident No Edit
190
Early Merovingian
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
191
Middle Merovingian
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
192
Proto-Carolingian
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
193
Carolingian Empire I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
194
Carolingian Empire II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
195
Proto-French Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
196
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
197
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
absent
Confident No Edit
198
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
absent
Confident No Edit
199
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
200
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
201
Sarazm
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
202
Andronovo
-
absent
Confident No Edit
203
Kushan Empire
-
60 km
Confident No Edit
204
Western Turk Khaganate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
205
Chagatai Khanate
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
206
Hmong - Late Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
207
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
208
Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
209
Ubaid
-
absent
Confident No Edit
210
Akkadian Empire
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
211
Ur - Dynasty III
-
[190 to 300] km
Confident No Edit
212
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
213
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
43 km
Confident No Edit
214
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
215
Formative Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
216
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
absent
Confident No Edit
217
Susiana A
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
218
Susiana B
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
219
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
220
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
221
Susa I
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
222
Susa II
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
223
Susa III
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
224
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
225
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
226
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
absent
Confident No Edit
227
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
-
absent
Confident No Edit
228
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
229
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
230
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
231
Elam - Crisis Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
232
Elam I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
233
Elam II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
234
Elam III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
235
Achaemenid Empire
-
60 km
Confident No Edit
236
Sasanid Empire I
-
195 km
Confident No Edit
237
Sasanid Empire II
-
195 km
Confident No Edit
238
Badarian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
239
Naqada I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
240
Naqada II
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
241
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Confident No Edit
242
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
243
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
244
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
245
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
246
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
absent
Confident No Edit
247
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
248
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
249
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
250
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
251
Egypt - Saite Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
252
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
253
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
254
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
255
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
256
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
257
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
258
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
259
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
260
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
261
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
262
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
263
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
264
Neolithic Yemen
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
265
Yemen - Late Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
266
Sabaean Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
267
Himyar I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
268
Yemen Ziyad Dynasty
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
269
Yemen - Era of Warlords
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
270
Rasulid Dynasty
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
271
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
absent
Suspected No Edit
272
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
273
Nara Kingdom
-
absent
Suspected No Edit