Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Hierarchical Complexity

Religious Level

Talking about hierarchical complexity, religious levels records the religious levels of a polity. same principle as with administrative levels. start with the head of the official cult (if present) coded as: level 1, and work down to the local priest.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
religious_level_from The lower range of religious level for a polity.
religious_level_to The upper range of religious level for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Religious Level from Religious Level to   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Kansai - Kofun Period
250 CE 537 CE
1
1
Confident No Edit
2
Rouran Khaganate
300 CE 499 CE
1
1
Confident No Edit
3
Rouran Khaganate
500 CE 551 CE
2
2
Confident No Edit
4
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
900 CE 1000 CE
2
2
Confident No Edit
5
Icelandic Commonwealth
930 CE 1055 CE
1
1
Confident No Edit
6
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
1000 CE 1049 CE
3
3
Confident No Edit
7
Icelandic Commonwealth
1056 CE 1262 CE
2
2
Confident No Edit
8
Late Mongols
1368 CE 1576 CE
1
1
Confident No Edit
9
Late Mongols
1576 CE 1690 CE
3
4
Confident No Edit
10
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
9
9
Confident No Edit
11
Yisrael
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
12
Bamana kingdom
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
13
East Roman Empire
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
14
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
15
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
16
Latium - Bronze Age
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
17
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
18
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
19
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
20
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
21
Ghur Principality
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
22
Jin Dynasty
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
23
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
24
Tairona
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
25
Shuar - Colonial
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
26
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
27
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
28
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
29
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
30
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
31
Proto-French Kingdom
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
32
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
33
Carolingian Empire I
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
34
Carolingian Empire II
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
35
Hallstatt A-B1
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
36
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
37
Ashanti Empire
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
38
Neolithic Crete
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
39
Prepalatial Crete
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
40
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
41
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
42
Canaan
-
2
4
Confident No Edit
43
Chalukyas of Kalyani
-
4
5
Confident No Edit
44
Early A'chik
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
45
Late A'chik
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
46
Ottoman Empire III
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
47
Roman Empire - Principate
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
48
Western Turk Khaganate
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
49
Himyar I
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
50
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
51
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
52
Chagatai Khanate
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
53
Longshan
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
54
Hoysala Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
55
Isin-Larsa
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
56
Susiana A
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
57
Sasanid Empire I
-
4
5
Confident No Edit
58
Sasanid Empire II
-
4
5
Confident No Edit
59
Byzantine Empire I
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
60
Byzantine Empire II
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
61
Atlantic Complex
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
62
Latium - Copper Age
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
63
Whydah
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
64
Kushan Empire
-
2
4
Confident No Edit
65
Asuka
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
66
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
67
Sui Dynasty
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
68
Neguanje
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
69
Ur - Dynasty III
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
70
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
71
Naqada II
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
72
Axum I
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
73
Beaker Culture
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
74
Hallstatt C
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
75
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
76
La Tene A-B1
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
77
Japan - Late Jomon
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
78
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
79
Late Xiongnu
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
80
Warring States Japan
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
81
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
82
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
83
Armenian Kingdom
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
84
Saffarid Caliphate
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
85
Napoleonic France
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
86
Susiana B
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
87
Phoenician Empire
-
5
6
Confident No Edit
88
Early Mongols
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
89
Xianbei Confederation
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
90
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
91
Later Wagadu Empire
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
92
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
93
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
94
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
95
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
96
Sakha - Early
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
97
Sakha - Late
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
98
Byzantine Empire III
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
99
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
100
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
101
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
102
Neo-Hittite Kingdoms
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
103
Phrygian Kingdom
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
104
Early Illinois Confederation
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
105
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
106
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
107
Oneota
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
108
Koktepe I
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
109
Samanid Empire
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
110
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
111
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
112
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
113
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
114
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
115
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
116
Ilkhanate
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
117
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
118
Postpalatial Crete
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
119
Deccan - Iron Age
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
120
Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
121
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
6
7
Confident No Edit
122
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
123
Proto-Carolingian
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
124
Classical Crete
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
125
Monopalatial Crete
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
126
Kalingga Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
127
Gupta Empire
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
128
Kassite Babylonia
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
129
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
130
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
131
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
132
Republic of St Peter I
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
133
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
134
Dynasty of E
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
135
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
136
Vakataka Kingdom
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
137
Akkadian Empire
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
138
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
139
Formative Period
-
0
0
Confident No Edit
140
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
141
Kara-Khanids
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
142
Umayyad Caliphate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
143
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
144
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
0
0
Confident No Edit
145
Latium - Iron Age
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
146
Monte Alban V
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
147
Neo-Babylonian Empire
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
148
Parthian Empire I
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
149
Parthian Empire II
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
150
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
151
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
152
Late Cappadocia
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
153
Early Roman Republic
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
154
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
155
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
156
Monte Alban II
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
157
Republic of Venice III
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
158
Republic of Venice IV
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
159
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
160
Ottoman Emirate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
161
Ottoman Empire I
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
162
Hallstatt B2-3
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
163
Timurid Empire
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
164
La Tene B2-C1
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
165
Early Angkor
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
166
Late Angkor
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
167
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
168
Ottoman Empire II
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
169
Rum Sultanate
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
170
Rasulid Dynasty
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
171
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
172
Funan II
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
173
West Burkina Faso Yellow II
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
174
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
175
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
176
Early Monte Alban I
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
177
Monte Alban Late I
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
178
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
179
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
180
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
181
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
182
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
183
Kediri Kingdom
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
184
Chalukyas of Badami
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
185
Kampili Kingdom
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
186
Rashtrakuta Empire
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
187
Sind - Samma Dynasty
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
188
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
189
Ayutthaya
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
190
Rattanakosin
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
191
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
192
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
193
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
194
Kingdom of Lydia
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
195
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
196
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
197
Kamakura Shogunate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
198
Saadi Sultanate
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
199
Khitan I
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
200
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
201
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
202
Fatimid Caliphate
-
5
6
Confident No Edit
203
Lysimachus Kingdom
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
204
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
205
Khanate of Bukhara
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
206
Koktepe II
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
207
Himyar II
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
208
Durrani Empire
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
209
Western Han Empire
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
210
Badarian
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
211
Monte Alban III
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
212
Middle and Late Nok
-
0
0
Confident No Edit
213
West Burkina Faso Yellow I
-
0
0
Confident No Edit
214
Middle and Late Nok
-
0
0
Confident No Edit
215
West Burkina Faso Red II and III
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
216
West Burkina Faso Red IV
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
217
West Burkina Faso Red I
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
218
Western Zhou
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
219
Great Zimbabwe
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
220
Late Formative Yoruba
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
221
Allada
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
222
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
223
Oyo
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
224
Proto-Yoruboid
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
225
Aro
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
226
Sokoto Caliphate
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
227
Igala
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
228
Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
229
Kanem-Borno
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
230
Foys
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
231
Benin Empire
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
232
Wukari Federation
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
233
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
234
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
235
Hephthalites
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
236
Kidarite Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
237
Eastern Han Empire
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
238
Western Jin
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
239
Erligang
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
240
Erlitou
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
241
Hmong - Late Qing
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
242
Mataram Sultanate
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
243
Northern Song
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
244
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
245
Northern Wei
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
246
Early Qing
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
247
Late Shang
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
248
Tang Dynasty I
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
249
Tang Dynasty II
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
250
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
251
Medang Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
252
Great Yuan
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
253
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
254
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
255
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
256
Naqada I
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
257
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
258
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
259
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
260
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
261
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
262
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
263
Egypt - Saite Period
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
264
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
265
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
3
5
Confident No Edit
266
Spanish Empire I
-
10
10
Confident No Edit
267
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
268
Hallstatt D
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
269
Early Merovingian
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
270
Middle Merovingian
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
271
La Tene C2-D
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
272
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
273
Archaic Crete
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
274
The Emirate of Crete
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
275
Geometric Crete
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
276
Hellenistic Crete
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
277
New Palace Crete
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
278
Hawaii III
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
279
Majapahit Kingdom
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
280
Delhi Sultanate
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
281
Kadamba Empire
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
282
Mahajanapada era
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
283
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
1
5
Confident No Edit
284
Mughal Empire
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
285
Satavahana Empire
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
286
Vijayanagara Empire
-
0
2
Confident No Edit
287
Bazi Dynasty
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
288
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
289
Achaemenid Empire
-
3
5
Confident No Edit
290
Ak Koyunlu
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
291
Buyid Confederation
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
292
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
None
None
Suspected No Edit
293
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
2
4
Confident No Edit
294
Elam - Igihalkid Period
-
2
4
Confident No Edit
295
Elam - Shutrukid Period
-
2
4
Confident No Edit
296
Susa I
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
297
Safavid Empire
-
5
6
Confident No Edit
298
Seleucids
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
299
Seljuk Sultanate
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
300
Elam - Shimashki Period
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
301
Elam - Early Sukkalmah
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
302
Elam - Late Sukkalmah
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
303
Susa II
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
304
Susa III
-
2
3
Confident No Edit
305
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
306
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
307
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
308
Late Roman Republic
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
309
Middle Roman Republic
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
310
Roman Kingdom
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
311
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
8
8
Confident No Edit
312
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
313
Classical Angkor
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
314
Khmer Kingdom
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
315
Chenla
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
316
Funan I
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
317
Mali Empire
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
318
Segou Kingdom
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
319
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
320
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
321
Mongol Empire
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
322
Yemen - Era of Warlords
-
3
4
Confident No Edit
323
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
324
Second Turk Khaganate
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
325
Uigur Khaganate
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
326
Zungharian Empire
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
327
Early United Mexican States
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
328
Plantagenet England
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
329
Lombard Kingdom
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
330
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
4
7
Confident No Edit
331
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
332
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
333
Hohokam Culture
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
334
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
335
Alaouite Dynasty I
-
2
2
Confident No Edit
336
Oirats
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
337
Golden Horde
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
338
British Empire I
-
7
7
Confident No Edit
339
Anglo-Saxon England I
-
5
5
Confident No Edit
340
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
341
Tocharians
-
1
2
Confident No Edit
342
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
6
6
Confident No Edit
343
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
344
Great Ming
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
345
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
346
Kingdom of Norway II
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
347
Inca Empire
-
4
4
Confident No Edit
348
Late Qing
-
3
3
Confident No Edit
349
Heian
-
1
3
Confident No Edit
350
Japan - Final Jomon
-
1
1
Confident No Edit
351
Early Xiongnu
-
1
1
Confident No Edit