Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Law

Professional Lawyer

Talking about law, no Descriptions IN Codebook.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
professional_lawyer The absence or presence of professional lawyer for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Professional Lawyer   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
2
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
1776 CE 1864 CE
absent
Confident No Edit
3
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
1864 CE 1917 CE
present
Confident No Edit
4
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
1867 CE 1918 CE
present
Confident No Edit
5
The Old Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
6
Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
7
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
8
Hawaii II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
9
Ghur Principality
-
present
Inferred No Edit
10
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
absent
Confident No Edit
11
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
12
Western Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
13
Erlitou
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
14
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
absent
Confident No Edit
15
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
present
Confident No Edit
16
Northern Song
-
present
Inferred No Edit
17
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
18
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
19
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
20
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
21
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
22
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
23
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
24
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
25
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
26
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Confident No Edit
27
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
28
Yangshao
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
29
Tairona
-
absent
Confident No Edit
30
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
31
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
32
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
33
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
34
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
35
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
36
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
37
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
38
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
39
Proto-French Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
40
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
41
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
42
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
43
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
44
La Tene A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
45
La Tene B2-C1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
46
La Tene C2-D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
47
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
48
Archaic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
49
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
50
Geometric Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
52
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
53
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
54
Egypt - Saite Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
55
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
56
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
57
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
58
Carolingian Empire I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
59
Hawaii I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
60
Hawaii III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
61
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Majapahit Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
63
Canaan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
64
Yisrael
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
65
Deccan - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
66
Deccan - Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
67
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
68
Kadamba Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
69
Satavahana Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
70
Early Dynastic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
71
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
72
Ur - Dynasty III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
73
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
74
Ilkhanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
75
Elam II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
76
Parthian Empire I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
77
Parthian Empire II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
78
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
79
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
80
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
present
Confident No Edit
81
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
82
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
83
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
84
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
85
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
86
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
87
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
88
Late A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
89
Vijayanagara Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
90
Kassite Babylonia
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
91
Bazi Dynasty
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
92
Dynasty of E
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
93
Second Dynasty of Isin
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
94
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
95
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Inferred No Edit
96
Susiana B
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
97
Seleucids
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
98
Susa I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
99
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
100
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
present
Confident No Edit
101
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
102
Republic of St Peter I
-
present
Confident No Edit
103
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
104
Asuka
-
absent
Confident No Edit
105
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
absent
Confident No Edit
106
Kansai - Kofun Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
107
Phoenician Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
108
Bamana kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
109
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
110
Jenne-jeno II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
111
Jenne-jeno III
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
112
Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
113
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
114
Khitan I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
115
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
116
Second Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
117
Uigur Khaganate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
118
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
119
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
120
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
121
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
122
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
123
Wari Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
124
Sarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
125
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
126
Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
127
Western Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
128
Chenla
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
129
Funan II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
130
Saadi Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
131
Jenne-jeno IV
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
132
Early Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
133
Zungharian Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
134
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
135
Western Han Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
136
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
137
Epiclassic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
138
Late Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
139
Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
140
Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
141
Toltecs
-
absent
Confident No Edit
142
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
143
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
144
Indo-Greek Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
145
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
146
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
147
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
148
Sakha - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
149
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
150
Late Cappadocia
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
151
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
152
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
153
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
154
Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
155
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
156
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
157
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
158
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
159
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
160
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
161
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
162
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
163
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
164
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
165
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
166
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
167
Chagatai Khanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
168
Ancient Khwarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
169
Koktepe I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
170
Koktepe II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
171
Early Merovingian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
172
Dutch Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Kingdom of Nyinginya
-
absent
Confident No Edit
174
Kingdom of Jimma
-
present
Inferred No Edit
175
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
176
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
177
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
178
Carolingian Empire II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
179
Proto-Carolingian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
180
French Kingdom - Early Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
181
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
182
Hatti - New Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
183
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
184
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
185
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
186
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
187
Samanid Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
188
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
189
Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
190
West Burkina Faso Yellow I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
191
Middle and Late Nok
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
192
Sultanate of Geledi
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
193
Kingdom of Kaffa
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
194
Aro
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
195
West Burkina Faso Yellow II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
196
Formative Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
197
Oyo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
198
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
199
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
200
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
201
Kushan Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
202
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
203
Erligang
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
204
Longshan
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
205
Great Ming
-
absent
Confident No Edit
206
Western Zhou
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
207
Susiana A
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
208
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
210
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
211
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
present
Inferred No Edit
212
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
213
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
215
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
French Kingdom - Late Capetian
-
present
Confident No Edit
217
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
218
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
219
Classical Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
220
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
221
Mataram Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
222
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Mahajanapada era
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
224
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
225
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
227
Vakataka Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
228
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
229
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
230
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Isin-Larsa
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
234
Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
235
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
236
Mali Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
237
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
238
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
239
Qajar
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
240
Safavid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
241
Sasanid Empire I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
242
Sasanid Empire II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
243
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
244
Susa II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
245
Susa III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
246
Segou Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
247
Rouran Khaganate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
248
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
249
Rattanakosin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
250
Latium - Iron Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
251
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
253
Later Wagadu Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
254
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
255
Early Roman Republic
-
present
Confident Yes Edit
256
Early Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident Yes Edit
257
Late Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
258
Middle Roman Republic
-
present
Confident Yes Edit
259
Middle Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident Yes Edit
260
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
261
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
262
Roman Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
263
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Inferred No Edit
264
Republic of Venice IV
-
present
Inferred No Edit
265
Heian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
266
Kamakura Shogunate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
267
Nara Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
268
Warring States Japan
-
absent
Confident No Edit
269
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
270
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
271
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Inferred No Edit
272
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
273
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
274
Archaic Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
275
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
276
Early Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
277
Late Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
278
Khmer Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
279
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
280
Late Xiongnu
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
281
Aztec Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
282
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
283
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
284
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
285
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
286
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
287
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
288
Inca Empire
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
289
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
290
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
291
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
292
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
293
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
294
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
295
Umayyad Caliphate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
296
Ayutthaya
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
298
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
300
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
301
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
302
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
303
Early Illinois Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
304
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
305
Oneota
-
absent
Confident No Edit
306
Sogdiana - City-States Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
307
Timurid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
308
Himyar I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
309
Himyar II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
310
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
311
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
312
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
present
Confident No Edit
313
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
314
Khwarezmid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
315
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
316
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
317
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
318
Plantagenet England
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
319
Lombard Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
320
Hohokam Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
321
Saffarid Caliphate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
322
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
323
Hellenistic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
324
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
325
Monopalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
326
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
327
New Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit