Section: Temporal Bounds
Variable: Polity Peak Years (All coded records)
The period when the polity was at its peak, whether militarily, in terms of the size of territory controlled, or the degree of cultural development. This variable has a subjective element, but typically historians agree when the peak was.  
Polity Peak Years
#  Polity  Coded Value Tags Edit Desc
1 Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty [1253 CE ➜ 1278 CE] Confident
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2 State of the Teutonic Order [1352 CE ➜ 1382 CE] Confident
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3 Akan - Pre-Ashanti [1650 CE ➜ 1701 CE] Confident
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4 Ashanti Empire [1800 CE ➜ 1824 CE] Confident
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5 Archaic Crete 650 BCE Confident
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6 Classical Crete 350 BCE Confident
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7 The Emirate of Crete [824 CE ➜ 961 CE] Confident
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8 Final Postpalatial Crete [1200 BCE ➜ 1100 BCE] Confident
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9 Geometric Crete 800 BCE Confident
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10 Hellenistic Crete 250 BCE Confident
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11 Monopalatial Crete [1390 BCE ➜ 1300 BCE] Confident
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12 New Palace Crete [1500 BCE ➜ 1450 BCE] Confident
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13 The Old Palace Crete [1800 BCE ➜ 1700 BCE] Confident
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14 Postpalatial Crete [1300 BCE ➜ 1200 BCE] Confident
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15 Prepalatial Crete [2300 BCE ➜ 1900 BCE] Confident
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16 Java - Buni Culture 100 CE Confident
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17 Majapahit Kingdom 1389 CE Confident
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18 Gupta Empire 400 CE Confident
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19 Hoysala Kingdom 1225 CE Confident
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20 Magadha - Maurya Empire [269 BCE ➜ 232 BCE] Confident
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21 Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling 1100 CE Confident
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22 Funj Sultanate [1644 CE ➜ 1680 CE] Confident
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23 Mughal Empire [1630 CE ➜ 1707 CE] Confident
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24 Akkadian Empire [2190 BCE ➜ 2154 BCE] Confident
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25 Amorite Babylonia [1792 BCE ➜ 1750 BCE] Confident
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26 Neo-Babylonian Empire [604 BCE ➜ 562 BCE] Confident
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27 Kachi Plain - Urban Period II [1800 BCE ➜ 1300 BCE] Confident
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28 Elam - Kidinuid Period 1158 BCE Confident
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29 Parthian Empire II [50 CE ➜ 100 CE] Confident
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30 Sasanid Empire II 570 CE Confident
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31 Elam - Early Sukkalmah [1900 BCE ➜ 1800 BCE] Confident
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32 Exarchate of Ravenna 640 CE Confident
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33 Late Roman Republic 49 BCE Confident
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34 Middle Roman Republic 133 BCE Confident
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35 Roman Empire - Principate 117 CE Confident
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36 Roman Kingdom 535 BCE Confident
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37 Republic of Venice IV 1565 CE Confident
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38 Warring States Japan 1568 CE Confident
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39 Tokugawa Shogunate [1688 CE ➜ 1704 CE] Confident
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40 Early Angkor 900 CE Confident
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41 Funan II [450 CE ➜ 650 CE] Confident
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42 Jenne-jeno II 399 CE Confident
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43 Mongol Empire [1251 CE ➜ 1259 CE] Confident
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44 Early Mongols 1206 CE Confident
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45 Monte Alban Late I 100 BCE Confident
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46 Oaxaca - Tierras Largas [1400 BCE ➜ 1150 BCE] Confident
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47 Cuzco - Early Intermediate II 600 CE Confident
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48 Cuzco - Late Intermediate I 1250 CE Confident
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49 Cuzco - Late Intermediate II 1400 CE Confident
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50 Cuzco - Late Formative 200 CE Confident
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51 Orokaiva - Colonial [1921 CE ➜ 1942 CE] Confident
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52 Indo-Greek Kingdom [155 BCE ➜ 130 BCE] Confident
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53 Egypt - Kushite Period 663 BCE Confident
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54 Umayyad Caliphate 724 CE Confident
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55 Kingdom of Kaffa [1798 CE ➜ 1821 CE] Confident
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56 Futa Jallon [1800 CE ➜ 1896 CE] Confident
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57 Emirate of Harar [1680 CE ➜ 1790 CE] Confident
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58 Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II 1450 BCE Confident
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59 Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́ [1730 CE ➜ 1790 CE] Confident
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60 Carolingian Empire II 840 CE Confident
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61 Hallstatt A-B1 900 BCE Confident
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62 Proto-Carolingian 751 CE Confident
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63 La Tene A-B1 450 BCE Confident
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64 French Kingdom - Early Valois [1364 CE ➜ 1380 CE] Confident
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65 Erlitou [1700 BCE ➜ 1530 BCE] Confident
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66 Late Qing 1850 CE Confident
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67 Sui Dynasty 609 CE Confident
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68 Tang Dynasty II 820 CE Confident
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69 Great Yuan 1310 CE Confident
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70 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II 1348 CE Confident
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71 Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period 1250 BCE Confident
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72 Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period 1300 BCE Confident
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73 Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom 2400 BCE Confident
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74 Egypt - Late Old Kingdom 2300 BCE Confident
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75 Egypt - Period of the Regions 2063 BCE Confident
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76 Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period 1555 BCE Confident
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77 French Kingdom - Early Bourbon 1611 CE Confident
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78 Carolingian Empire I 811 CE Confident
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79 Byzantine Empire III 1180 CE Confident
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80 Lysimachus Kingdom [306 BCE ➜ 281 BCE] Confident
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81 Ottoman Empire I 1517 CE Confident
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82 Ottoman Empire II [1520 CE ➜ 1566 CE] Confident
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83 Timurid Empire 1449 CE Confident
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84 Himyar I 300 CE Confident
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85 Cahokia - Early Woodland 150 CE Confident
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86 Cahokia - Late Woodland II 600 CE Confident
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87 Cahokia - Middle Woodland 300 CE Confident
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88 Cahokia - Late Woodland III 750 CE Confident
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89 Cahokia - Late Woodland I 450 CE Confident
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90 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I 900 CE Confident
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91 Durrani Empire 1761 CE Confident
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92 Ghur Principality 1200 CE Confident
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93 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 180 BCE Confident
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94 Hephthalites [509 CE ➜ 522 CE] Confident
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95 Kidarite Kingdom [420 CE ➜ 440 CE] Confident
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96 Medang Kingdom 850 CE Confident
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97 Kushan Empire 229 CE Confident
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98 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III 1495 CE Confident
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99 Ottoman Empire III 1683 CE Confident
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100 Cahokia - Moorehead 1200 CE Confident
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101 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early [1650 CE ➜ 1701 CE] Confident
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102 Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II 1050 CE Confident
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103 Eastern Han Empire 88 CE Confident
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104 Western Jin [280 CE ➜ 300 CE] Confident
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105 Erligang [1500 BCE ➜ 1450 BCE] Confident
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106 Hmong - Late Qing 1790 CE Confident
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107 Canaan 1550 BCE Confident
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108 Yehuda 105 BCE Confident
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109 Great Ming [1450 CE ➜ 1480 CE] Confident
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110 Northern Song 1050 CE Confident
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111 Northern Wei 439 CE Confident
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112 Middle Merovingian [584 CE ➜ 629 CE] Confident
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113 Egypt - Middle Kingdom 1850 BCE Confident
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114 Early Qing 1796 CE Confident
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115 Late Shang 1200 BCE Confident
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116 Yisrael 855 BCE Confident
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117 Chalukyas of Badami [609 CE ➜ 643 CE] Confident
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118 Tang Dynasty I 740 CE Confident
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119 Early Wei Dynasty 353 BCE Confident
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120 Western Han Empire 100 BCE Confident
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121 Western Zhou [950 BCE ➜ 925 BCE] Confident
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122 Ayyubid Sultanate 1193 CE Confident
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123 Badarian [4400 BCE ➜ 4000 BCE] Confident
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124 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I 1341 CE Confident
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125 Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III 1425 CE Confident
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126 Egypt - Dynasty 0 [3300 BCE ➜ 3200 BCE] Confident
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127 Ptolemaic Kingdom I 300 BCE Confident
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128 Egypt - Saite Period 550 BCE Confident
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129 Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period 924 BCE Confident
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130 Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period 895 CE Confident
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131 Spanish Empire I [1556 CE ➜ 1598 CE] Confident
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132 Axum I 250 CE Confident
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133 French Kingdom - Late Bourbon [1723 CE ➜ 1743 CE] Confident
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134 Proto-French Kingdom 1150 CE Confident
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135 French Kingdom - Late Capetian [1285 CE ➜ 1314 CE] Confident
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136 Early Merovingian 543 CE Confident
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137 La Tene B2-C1 200 BCE Confident
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138 La Tene C2-D 125 BCE Confident
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139 French Kingdom - Late Valois 1515 CE Confident
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140 British Empire II 1815 CE Confident
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141 Neolithic Crete [4500 BCE ➜ 3000 BCE] Confident
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142 Hawaii I 1200 CE Confident
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143 Hawaii II 1580 CE Confident
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144 Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial [1900 CE ➜ 1946 CE] Confident
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145 Chalukyas of Kalyani [1076 CE ➜ 1126 CE] Confident
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146 Kassite Babylonia [1359 BCE ➜ 1333 BCE] Confident
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147 Second Turk Khaganate [691 CE ➜ 716 CE] Confident
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148 Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty 1550 CE Confident
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149 Delhi Sultanate [1296 CE ➜ 1316 CE] Confident
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150 Late A'chik [1867 CE ➜ 1900 CE] Confident
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151 Kadamba Empire [435 CE ➜ 455 CE] Confident
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152 Rashtrakuta Empire [814 CE ➜ 878 CE] Confident
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153 Satavahana Empire [106 CE ➜ 130 CE] Confident
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154 Vakataka Kingdom 510 CE Confident
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155 Vijayanagara Empire [1505 CE ➜ 1542 CE] Confident
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156 Abbasid Caliphate I 809 CE Confident
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157 Abbasid Caliphate II 1226 CE Confident
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158 Bazi Dynasty [1005 BCE ➜ 989 BCE] Confident
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159 Second Dynasty of Isin [1119 BCE ➜ 1098 BCE] Confident
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160 Neo-Assyrian Empire 668 BCE Confident
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161 Ubaid [5000 BCE ➜ 4000 BCE] Confident
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162 Ur - Dynasty III [2097 BCE ➜ 2038 BCE] Confident
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163 Uruk [3200 BCE ➜ 3050 BCE] Confident
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164 Achaemenid Empire 500 BCE Confident
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165 Ak Koyunlu [1453 CE ➜ 1478 CE] Confident
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166 Buyid Confederation 983 CE Confident
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167 Elymais II 100 CE Confident
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168 Republic of St Peter I [850 CE ➜ 900 CE] Confident
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169 Ilkhanate 1316 CE Confident
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170 Elam - Igihalkid Period 1300 BCE Confident
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171 Elam - Shutrukid Period 1158 BCE Confident
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172 Elam II [743 BCE ➜ 717 BCE] Confident
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173 Parthian Empire I 120 BCE Confident
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174 Qajar 1900 CE Confident
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175 Republic of Venice III [1481 CE ➜ 1550 CE] Confident
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176 Safavid Empire 1629 CE Confident
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177 Sasanid Empire I [309 CE ➜ 379 CE] Confident
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178 Seleucids 281 BCE Confident
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179 Seleucids 190 BCE Confident
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180 Seljuk Sultanate 1092 CE Confident
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181 Ostrogothic Kingdom 525 CE Confident
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182 Rome - Republic of St Peter II 1030 CE Confident
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183 Papal States - High Medieval Period 1240 CE Confident
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184 Papal States - Medieval Period I 1571 CE Confident
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185 Papal States - Medieval Period II 1750 CE Confident
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186 Papal States - Renaissance Period 1506 CE Confident
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187 Early Roman Republic 287 BCE Confident
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188 Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity 439 CE Confident
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189 Rouran Khaganate [402 CE ➜ 429 CE] Confident
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190 Ashikaga Shogunate [1368 CE ➜ 1394 CE] Confident
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191 Heian [794 CE ➜ 930 CE] Confident
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192 Kamakura Shogunate 1225 CE Confident
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193 Nara Kingdom [781 CE ➜ 794 CE] Confident
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194 Kansai - Yayoi Period 125 CE Confident
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195 Kara-Khanids 1068 CE Confident
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196 Classical Angkor [1150 CE ➜ 1220 CE] Confident
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197 Late Angkor [1220 CE ➜ 1353 CE] Confident
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198 Khmer Kingdom 1400 CE Confident
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199 Chenla 650 CE Confident
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200 Funan I [250 CE ➜ 514 CE] Confident
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201 Phoenician Empire 570 BCE Confident
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202 Saadi Sultanate [1578 CE ➜ 1603 CE] Confident
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203 Bamana kingdom 1800 CE Confident
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204 Jenne-jeno I 49 CE Confident
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205 Jenne-jeno III 899 CE Confident
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206 Jenne-jeno IV 1100 CE Confident
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207 Mali Empire [1312 CE ➜ 1337 CE] Confident
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208 Segou Kingdom [1650 CE ➜ 1680 CE] Confident
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209 Xianbei Confederation 155 CE Confident
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210 Zungharian Empire [1679 CE ➜ 1745 CE] Confident
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211 Middle Wagadu Empire [1025 CE ➜ 1050 CE] Confident
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212 Monte Alban II 200 BCE Confident
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213 Late Formative Basin of Mexico 200 BCE Confident
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214 Middle Formative Basin of Mexico 650 BCE Confident
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215 Oaxaca - San Jose [1150 BCE ➜ 850 BCE] Confident
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216 Inca Empire 1525 CE Confident
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217 Wari Empire 800 CE Confident
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218 Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period 985 CE Confident
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219 Sind - Samma Dynasty 1486 CE Confident
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220 Sakha - Late [1850 CE ➜ 1900 CE] Confident
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221 Ayutthaya [1733 CE ➜ 1758 CE] Confident
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222 Rattanakosin [1793 CE ➜ 1810 CE] Confident
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223 Fatimid Caliphate 996 CE Confident
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224 Fatimid Caliphate 1058 CE Confident
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225 Phrygian Kingdom [738 BCE ➜ 696 BCE] Confident
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226 Ottoman Emirate 1402 CE Confident
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227 Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia [1850 BCE ➜ 1750 BCE] Confident
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228 Byzantine Empire I [741 CE ➜ 775 CE] Confident
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229 Byzantine Empire II 1025 CE Confident
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230 Late Cappadocia [302 BCE ➜ 95 BCE] Confident
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231 East Roman Empire [527 CE ➜ 542 CE] Confident
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232 Hatti - New Kingdom 1240 BCE Confident
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233 Kingdom of Lydia 560 BCE Confident
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234 Roman Empire - Dominate 394 CE Confident
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235 Rum Sultanate [1220 CE ➜ 1237 CE] Confident
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236 Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late [1714 CE ➜ 1765 CE] Confident
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237 Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period 1810 CE Confident
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238 Samanid Empire 942 CE Confident
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239 Sogdiana - City-States Period 700 CE Confident
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240 Himyar II 378 CE Confident
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241 Rasulid Dynasty [1300 CE ➜ 1350 CE] Confident
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242 Yemen - Era of Warlords [1067 CE ➜ 1091 CE] Confident
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243 Yemen Ziyad Dynasty 1000 CE Confident
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244 Middle and Late Nok [1500 BCE ➜ 901 BCE] Confident
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245 Kanem [1080 CE ➜ 1300 CE] Confident
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246 Middle and Late Nok [900 BCE ➜ 400 BCE] Confident
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247 Toutswe 900 CE Confident
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248 Great Zimbabwe [1300 CE ➜ 1400 CE] Confident
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249 Majeerteen Sultanate [1800 CE ➜ 1860 CE] Confident
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250 Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty 1050 CE Confident
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251 Torwa-Rozvi [1684 CE ➜ 1696 CE] Confident
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252 Mutapa [1500 CE ➜ 1693 CE] Confident
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253 Pandya Empire [1250 CE ➜ 1272 CE] Confident
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254 Polonnaruwa [1187 CE ➜ 1196 CE] Confident
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255 Kingdom of Jimma [1830 CE ➜ 1855 CE] Confident
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256 Adal Sultanate [1400 CE ➜ 1543 CE] Confident
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257 Ajuran Sultanate [1550 CE ➜ 1650 CE] Confident
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258 Sultanate of Geledi [1789 CE ➜ 1848 CE] Confident
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259 Early Sultanate of Aussa [1700 CE ➜ 1780 CE] Confident
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260 Kwararafa 1600 CE Confident
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261 Allada [1500 CE ➜ 1700 CE] Confident
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262 Whydah [1671 CE ➜ 1700 CE] Confident
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263 Igala 1799 CE Confident
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264 Sokoto Caliphate 1860 CE Confident
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265 Electorate of Bavaria [1745 CE ➜ 1777 CE] Confident
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266 Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì [1100 CE ➜ 1400 CE] Confident
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267 Hausa bakwai [1349 CE ➜ 1600 CE] Confident
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268 Kanem-Borno [1571 CE ➜ 1583 CE] Confident
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269 Foys [1818 CE ➜ 1858 CE] Confident
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270 Jolof Empire [1400 CE ➜ 1499 CE] Confident
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271 Burundi [1796 CE ➜ 1850 CE] Confident
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272 Nkore [1800 CE ➜ 1901 CE] Confident
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273 Nayaks of Thanjavur [1600 CE ➜ 1634 CE] Confident
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274 Classical Ife [1000 CE ➜ 1200 CE] Confident Disputed
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275 Classical Ife [1250 CE ➜ 1350 CE] Confident Disputed
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276 Benin Empire [1480 CE ➜ 1590 CE] Confident
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277 Kingdom of the Huns 434 CE Confident
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278 Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty 1390 CE Confident
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279 Us Reconstruction-Progressive 1933 CE Confident
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280 Chaco Canyon - Late Bonito phase [1050 CE ➜ 1125 CE] Confident
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281 Antebellum US 1865 CE Confident
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282 Late Classic Tikal [734 CE ➜ 746 CE] Confident
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283 Tudor and Early Stuart England [1580 CE ➜ 1610 CE] Confident
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284 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II [1780 CE ➜ 1790 CE] Confident
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285 Hohokam Culture [1100 CE ➜ 1400 CE] Confident
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286 Alaouite Dynasty I [1666 CE ➜ 1672 CE] Confident
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287 Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I 1553 CE Confident
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288 Armenian Kingdom [95 BCE ➜ 55 BCE] Confident
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289 Oirats [1452 CE ➜ 1455 CE] Confident
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290 Golden Horde [1312 CE ➜ 1341 CE] Confident
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291 Saffarid Caliphate [861 CE ➜ 879 CE] Confident
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292 British Empire IIIIIIIIII [1921 CE ➜ 1925 CE] Confident
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293 Qasimid Dynasty XXXXXXX [1644 CE ➜ 1679 CE] Confident
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294 Brandenburg-Prussia [1740 CE ➜ 1786 CE] Confident
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295 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I [1682 CE ➜ 1725 CE] Confident
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296 Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II [1801 CE ➜ 1825 CE] Confident
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297 Soviet Union [1957 CE ➜ 1979 CE] Confident
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298 Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period [1333 CE ➜ 1370 CE] Confident
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299 Jin Dynasty 1207 CE Confident
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300 East Francia [887 CE ➜ 899 CE] Confident
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301 Kachi Plain - Urban Period I [2500 BCE ➜ 2100 BCE] Confident
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