Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Postal sytems

Postal Station

Talking about postal sytems, postal stations are specialized buildings exclusively devoted to the postal service. if there is a special building that has other functions than a postal station, we still code postal station as present. the intent is to capture additional infrastructure beyond having a corps of messengers.  
Contributors: Jenny, Majid, Peter

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition
postal_station The absence or presence of postal station for a polity.

# Polity   Year(s)   Postal Station   Confidence     Disputed?     Expert?   Edit
1
Spanish Empire II
1716 CE 1814 CE
present
Confident No Edit
2
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
1867 CE 1918 CE
present
Confident No Edit
3
Soviet Union
1923 CE 1991 CE
present
Confident No Edit
4
Sui Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
5
Iban - Pre-Brooke
-
absent
Confident No Edit
6
Majapahit Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
7
Andronovo
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
8
Papal States - Medieval Period II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
9
Early Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
10
Hawaii I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
11
Hawaii II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
12
Kushan Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
13
Hmong - Early Chinese
-
present
Confident No Edit
14
Early Mongols
-
absent
Confident No Edit
15
Hmong - Late Qing
-
absent
Confident No Edit
16
Early Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
17
Tang Dynasty II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
18
Neguanje
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
19
Badarian
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
20
Egypt - Dynasty I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
21
Egypt - Dynasty II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
22
Egypt - Middle Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
23
Naqada I
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
24
Naqada II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
25
Egypt - Dynasty 0
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
26
Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
27
Egypt - Late Old Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
28
Egypt - Period of the Regions
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
29
Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
30
Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
31
Axum I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
32
Chuuk - Early Truk
-
absent
Confident No Edit
33
Beaker Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
34
Proto-French Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
35
Carolingian Empire II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
36
Hallstatt A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
37
Hallstatt B2-3
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
38
Hallstatt C
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
39
Hallstatt D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
40
Early Merovingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
41
Proto-Carolingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
42
Middle Merovingian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
43
La Tene A-B1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
44
La Tene B2-C1
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
45
La Tene C2-D
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
46
Akan - Pre-Ashanti
-
absent
Confident No Edit
47
Archaic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
48
Classical Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
49
The Emirate of Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
50
Final Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
51
Geometric Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
52
Hellenistic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
53
Monopalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
54
Neolithic Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
55
New Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
56
The Old Palace Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
57
Postpalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
58
Prepalatial Crete
-
absent
Confident No Edit
59
Early United Mexican States
-
present
Inferred No Edit
60
Yangshao
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
61
Shuar - Ecuadorian
-
absent
Confident No Edit
62
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III
-
present
Confident No Edit
63
Ptolemaic Kingdom I
-
present
Confident No Edit
64
Egypt - Saite Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
65
Atlantic Complex
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
66
French Kingdom - Late Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
67
Mataram Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
68
Medang Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
69
Canaan
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
70
Yehuda
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
71
Yisrael
-
unknown
Confident No Edit
72
Deccan - Iron Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
73
Deccan - Neolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
74
Abbasid Caliphate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
75
Early Dynastic
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
76
Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
77
Uruk
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
78
Formative Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
79
Susiana B
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
80
Susiana - Late Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
81
Susiana - Early Ubaid
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
82
Elam - Kidinuid Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
83
Elam I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
84
Elam II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
85
Pre-Ceramic Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
86
Qajar
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
87
Susa I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
88
Latium - Bronze Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
89
Latium - Copper Age
-
absent
Confident No Edit
90
Ostrogothic Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
91
Rome - Republic of St Peter II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
92
Papal States - High Medieval Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
93
Papal States - Renaissance Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
94
Exarchate of Ravenna
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
95
Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity
-
present
Confident No Edit
96
Republic of St Peter I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
97
Japan - Incipient Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
98
Japan - Initial Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
99
Japan - Early Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
100
Japan - Middle Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
101
Japan - Late Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
102
Japan - Final Jomon
-
absent
Confident No Edit
103
Kansai - Yayoi Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
104
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
105
Mahajanapada era
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
106
Akkadian Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
107
Ur - Dynasty III
-
present
Confident No Edit
108
Ak Koyunlu
-
present
Inferred No Edit
109
Parthian Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
110
Seleucids
-
present
Confident No Edit
111
Icelandic Commonwealth
-
absent
Confident No Edit
112
Papal States - Medieval Period I
-
present
Confident No Edit
113
Middle Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
114
Asuka
-
present
Confident No Edit
115
Kamakura Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
116
Tokugawa Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
117
Kara-Khanids
-
present
Inferred No Edit
118
Chenla
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
119
Phoenician Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
120
Saadi Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
121
Jenne-jeno I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
122
Jenne-jeno II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
123
Jenne-jeno III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
124
Jenne-jeno IV
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
125
Eastern Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
126
Rouran Khaganate
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
127
Second Turk Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
128
Uigur Khaganate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
129
Early Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
130
Late Xiongnu
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
131
Xiongnu Imperial Confederation
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
132
Later Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
133
Middle Wagadu Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
134
Cuzco - Early Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
135
Cuzco - Early Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
136
Cuzco - Late Intermediate I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
137
Cuzco - Late Intermediate II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
138
Cuzco - Late Formative
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
139
Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
140
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
141
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
142
Egypt - Kushite Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
143
Sarazm
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
144
Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
145
Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
146
Late Cappadocia
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
147
Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
148
Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
149
East Roman Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
150
Hatti - Old Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
151
Kingdom of Lydia
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
152
Konya Plain - Early Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
153
Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling
-
absent
Confident No Edit
154
Cahokia - Moorehead
-
absent
Confident No Edit
155
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
156
Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
157
Cahokia - Early Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
158
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
159
Cahokia - Late Woodland II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
160
Cahokia - Middle Woodland
-
absent
Confident No Edit
161
Cahokia - Late Woodland III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
162
Mongol Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
163
Xianbei Confederation
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
164
Monte Alban II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
165
Early Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
166
Kingdom of Norway II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
167
Orokaiva - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
168
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
169
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
170
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
171
Sakha - Early
-
absent
Confident No Edit
172
Sakha - Late
-
present
Confident No Edit
173
Byzantine Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
174
Konya Plain - Late Neolithic
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
175
Ottoman Emirate
-
present
Confident No Edit
176
Ottoman Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
177
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
-
absent
Confident No Edit
178
Cahokia - Late Woodland I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
179
Cahokia - Sand Prairie
-
absent
Confident No Edit
180
Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
181
Koktepe I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
182
Koktepe II
-
absent
Confident No Edit
183
Himyar I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
184
Himyar II
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
185
Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
186
Durrani Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
187
Eastern Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
188
Western Jin
-
present
Confident No Edit
189
Erligang
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
190
Erlitou
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
191
Jin
-
present
Inferred No Edit
192
Longshan
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
193
Northern Wei
-
present
Confident No Edit
194
Late Qing
-
present
Confident No Edit
195
Tang Dynasty I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
196
Early Wei Dynasty
-
present
Inferred No Edit
197
Western Han Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
198
Western Zhou
-
present
Inferred No Edit
199
Chagatai Khanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
200
Great Yuan
-
present
Confident No Edit
201
Shuar - Colonial
-
absent
Confident No Edit
202
Ayyubid Sultanate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
203
Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
204
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
205
Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II
-
present
Confident No Edit
206
Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
207
Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
208
Ptolemaic Kingdom II
-
present
Confident No Edit
209
Ashikaga Shogunate
-
present
Confident No Edit
210
Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period
-
present
Inferred No Edit
211
Spanish Empire I
-
present
Inferred No Edit
212
Chuuk - Late Truk
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
213
French Kingdom - Early Bourbon
-
present
Confident No Edit
214
French Kingdom - Late Valois
-
present
Confident No Edit
215
British Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
216
Ashanti Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
217
Hawaii III
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
218
Delhi Sultanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
219
Early A'chik
-
absent
Confident No Edit
220
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
-
present
Confident No Edit
221
Heian
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
222
Late A'chik
-
present
Confident No Edit
223
Magadha - Maurya Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
224
Mughal Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
225
Abbasid Caliphate I
-
present
Confident No Edit
226
Neo-Assyrian Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
227
Achaemenid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
228
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
present
Confident No Edit
229
Elam - Awan Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
230
Buyid Confederation
-
present
Confident No Edit
231
Ilkhanate
-
present
Confident No Edit
232
Parthian Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
233
Safavid Empire
-
absent
Confident No Edit
234
Sasanid Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
235
Roman Empire - Dominate
-
present
Confident No Edit
236
Sasanid Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
237
Seljuk Sultanate
-
present
Inferred No Edit
238
Susa II
-
present
Inferred No Edit
239
Latium - Iron Age
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
240
Late Roman Republic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
241
Roman Empire - Principate
-
present
Confident No Edit
242
Roman Kingdom
-
absent
Confident No Edit
243
Republic of Venice III
-
present
Confident No Edit
244
Nara Kingdom
-
present
Confident No Edit
245
Classical Angkor
-
present
Confident No Edit
246
Early Angkor
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
247
Late Angkor
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
248
Khmer Kingdom
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
249
Funan I
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
250
Funan II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
251
Khitan I
-
present
Confident No Edit
252
Late Mongols
-
present
Inferred No Edit
253
Zungharian Empire
-
present
Inferred No Edit
254
Early Monte Alban I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
255
Monte Alban Late I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
256
Monte Alban III
-
absent
Confident No Edit
257
Monte Alban IIIB and IV
-
absent
Confident No Edit
258
Monte Alban V
-
absent
Confident No Edit
259
Middle Formative Basin of Mexico
-
absent
Confident No Edit
260
Oaxaca - Rosario
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
261
Oaxaca - San Jose
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
262
Jin Dynasty
-
present
Confident No Edit
263
Inca Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
264
Wari Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
265
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
266
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
-
absent
Confident No Edit
267
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
-
absent
Confident No Edit
268
Umayyad Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
269
Fatimid Caliphate
-
present
Confident No Edit
270
Fatimid Caliphate
-
absent
Confident No Edit
271
Byzantine Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
272
Byzantine Empire III
-
present
Confident No Edit
273
Ottoman Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
274
Ottoman Empire II
-
present
Confident No Edit
275
Khanate of Bukhara
-
present
Inferred No Edit
276
Samanid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
277
Timurid Empire
-
present
Confident No Edit
278
Plantagenet England
-
absent
Confident No Edit
279
Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
280
Us Reconstruction-Progressive
-
present
Confident No Edit
281
Antebellum US
-
present
Confident No Edit
282
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I
-
absent
Confident No Edit
283
Golden Horde
-
present
Confident No Edit
284
British Empire I
-
present
Confident No Edit
285
Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period
-
present
Confident No Edit
286
Napoleonic France
-
present
Confident No Edit
287
Tudor and Early Stuart England
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
288
Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II
-
A~P
Confident No Edit
289
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
-
absent
Confident No Edit
290
Lombard Kingdom
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
291
Anglo-Saxon England II
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
292
Khwarezmid Empire
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
293
Hohokam Culture
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
294
Saffarid Caliphate
-
unknown
Suspected No Edit
295
British Empire IIIIIIIIII
-
present
Confident No Edit
296
Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II
-
present
Confident No Edit
297
Oaxaca - Tierras Largas
-
absent
Inferred No Edit
298
Great Ming
-
present
Confident No Edit
299
Northern Song
-
present
Confident No Edit