Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
41
(Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period is assumed.
[868, 969]
absent
None
42
(Axum I)
Full Year Range of Axum I is assumed.
[-149, 349]
absent
None
43
(Chuuk - Early Truk)
Full Year Range of Chuuk - Early Truk is assumed.
[1775, 1886]
absent
None
44
(Chuuk - Late Truk)
Full Year Range of Chuuk - Late Truk is assumed.
[1886, 1948]
absent
None
45
(Proto-French Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Proto-French Kingdom is assumed.
[987, 1150]
absent
None
46
(French Kingdom - Late Capetian)
Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Capetian is assumed.
[1150, 1328]
absent
None
47
(British Empire II)
Full Year Range of British Empire II is assumed.
[1850, 1968]
present
None
48
(Akan - Pre-Ashanti)
Full Year Range of Akan - Pre-Ashanti is assumed.
[1501, 1701]
absent
None
49
(Ashanti Empire)
Full Year Range of Ashanti Empire is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
absent
None
50
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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