Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
31
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
absent
None
32
(Aztec Empire)
Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
absent
None
33
(Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2650, -2350]
absent
None
34
(Egypt - Late Old Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Late Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-2350, -2150]
absent
None
35
(Ptolemaic Kingdom I)
Full Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom I is assumed.
[-305, -217]
absent
None
36
(Ptolemaic Kingdom II)
Full Year Range of Ptolemaic Kingdom II is assumed.
[-217, -30]
absent
None
37
(Egypt - Period of the Regions)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Period of the Regions is assumed.
[-2150, -2016]
absent
None
38
(Egypt - Saite Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Saite Period is assumed.
[-664, -525]
absent
None
39
(Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period is assumed.
[-1720, -1567]
absent
None
40
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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