Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
21
(Western Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
absent
None
22
(Great Yuan)
Full Year Range of Great Yuan is assumed.
[1271, 1368]
absent
None
23
(Ayyubid Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Ayyubid Sultanate is assumed.
[1171, 1250]
absent
None
24
(Badarian)
Full Year Range of Badarian is assumed.
[-4400, -3800]
absent
None
25
(Egypt - Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty I is assumed.
[-3100, -2900]
absent
None
26
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III is assumed.
[1412, 1517]
absent
None
27
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed.
[1348, 1412]
absent
None
28
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
29
(Naqada II)
Full Year Range of Naqada II is assumed.
[-3550, -3300]
absent
None
30
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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