Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
11
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I is assumed.
[1260, 1348]
absent
None
12
(Jin Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Jin Dynasty is assumed.
[1115, 1234]
unknown
None
13
(Great Ming)
Full Year Range of Great Ming is assumed.
[1368, 1644]
unknown
None
14
(Northern Wei)
Full Year Range of Northern Wei is assumed.
[386, 534]
absent
None
15
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
absent
None
16
(Aztec Empire)
Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
absent
None
17
(Sui Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Sui Dynasty is assumed.
[581, 618]
absent
None
18
(Tang Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty I is assumed.
[617, 763]
absent
None
19
(Tang Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Tang Dynasty II is assumed.
[763, 907]
absent
None
20
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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