Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
51
(Classical Crete)
Full Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
absent
None
52
(Final Postpalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Final Postpalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1200, -1000]
absent
None
53
(Greco-Bactrian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom is assumed.
[-256, -125]
absent
None
54
(Hephthalites)
Full Year Range of Hephthalites is assumed.
[408, 561]
absent
None
55
(Kushan Empire)
Full Year Range of Kushan Empire is assumed.
[35, 319]
absent
None
56
(Tocharians)
Full Year Range of Tocharians is assumed.
[-129, 29]
absent
None
57
(Erlitou)
Full Year Range of Erlitou is assumed.
[-1850, -1600]
absent
None
58
(Hmong - Late Qing)
Full Year Range of Hmong - Late Qing is assumed.
[1701, 1895]
unknown
None
59
(Longshan)
Full Year Range of Longshan is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
absent
None
60
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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