Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
61
(Western Zhou)
Full Year Range of Western Zhou is assumed.
[-1122, -771]
absent
None
62
(Neguanje)
Full Year Range of Neguanje is assumed.
[250, 1050]
absent
None
63
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
absent
None
64
(Aztec Empire)
Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
absent
None
65
(Atlantic Complex)
Full Year Range of Atlantic Complex is assumed.
[-2200, -1000]
absent
None
66
(French Kingdom - Early Bourbon)
Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Early Bourbon is assumed.
[1589, 1660]
present
None
67
(Carolingian Empire I)
Full Year Range of Carolingian Empire I is assumed.
[752, 840]
absent
None
68
(Hallstatt A-B1)
Full Year Range of Hallstatt A-B1 is assumed.
[-1000, -900]
absent
None
69
(Hallstatt B2-3)
Full Year Range of Hallstatt B2-3 is assumed.
[-900, -700]
absent
None
70
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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