Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
71
(Early Merovingian)
Full Year Range of Early Merovingian is assumed.
[481, 543]
absent
None
72
(Middle Merovingian)
Full Year Range of Middle Merovingian is assumed.
[543, 687]
absent
None
73
(La Tene A-B1)
Full Year Range of La Tene A-B1 is assumed.
[-475, -325]
absent
None
74
(La Tene B2-C1)
Full Year Range of La Tene B2-C1 is assumed.
[-325, -175]
absent
None
75
(Monopalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Monopalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1450, -1300]
absent
None
76
(Neolithic Crete)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Crete is assumed.
[-7000, -3000]
absent
None
77
(New Palace Crete)
Full Year Range of New Palace Crete is assumed.
[-1700, -1450]
absent
None
78
(The Old Palace Crete)
Full Year Range of The Old Palace Crete is assumed.
[-1900, -1700]
absent
None
79
(Postpalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Postpalatial Crete is assumed.
[-1300, -1200]
absent
None
80
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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