Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
81
(Iban - Pre-Brooke)
Full Year Range of Iban - Pre-Brooke is assumed.
[1650, 1841]
absent
None
82
(Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial)
Full Year Range of Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial is assumed.
[1841, 1987]
absent
None
83
(Java - Buni Culture)
Full Year Range of Java - Buni Culture is assumed.
[-400, 500]
absent
None
84
(Kalingga Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Kalingga Kingdom is assumed.
[500, 732]
absent
None
85
(Kediri Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Kediri Kingdom is assumed.
[1049, 1222]
absent
None
86
(Mataram Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Mataram Sultanate is assumed.
[1568, 1703]
unknown
None
87
(Medang Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Medang Kingdom is assumed.
[732, 1019]
absent
None
88
(Canaan)
Full Year Range of Canaan is assumed.
[-2000, -1175]
absent
None
89
(Yehuda)
Full Year Range of Yehuda is assumed.
[-141, -63]
absent
None
90
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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