Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
291
(Durrani Empire)
Full Year Range of Durrani Empire is assumed.
[1747, 1826]
present
None
292
(Kidarite Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Kidarite Kingdom is assumed.
[388, 477]
absent
None
293
(Erligang)
Full Year Range of Erligang is assumed.
[-1650, -1250]
absent
None
294
(Hmong - Early Chinese)
Full Year Range of Hmong - Early Chinese is assumed.
[1895, 1941]
unknown
None
295
(Jin)
Full Year Range of Jin is assumed.
[-780, -404]
absent
None
296
(Northern Song)
Full Year Range of Northern Song is assumed.
[960, 1127]
present
None
297
(Late Shang)
Full Year Range of Late Shang is assumed.
[-1250, -1045]
absent
None
298
(Yangshao)
Full Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
absent
None
299
(Tairona)
Full Year Range of Tairona is assumed.
[1050, 1524]
absent
None
300
(Shuar - Ecuadorian)
Full Year Range of Shuar - Ecuadorian is assumed.
[1831, 1931]
absent
None
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