Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
301
(Egypt - Middle Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Middle Kingdom is assumed.
[-2016, -1700]
absent
None
302
(Beaker Culture)
Full Year Range of Beaker Culture is assumed.
[-3200, -2000]
absent
None
303
(French Kingdom - Late Bourbon)
Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Bourbon is assumed.
[1660, 1815]
present
None
304
(Carolingian Empire II)
Full Year Range of Carolingian Empire II is assumed.
[840, 987]
absent
None
305
(Hallstatt C)
Full Year Range of Hallstatt C is assumed.
[-700, -600]
absent
None
306
(Proto-Carolingian)
Full Year Range of Proto-Carolingian is assumed.
[687, 751]
absent
None
307
(La Tene C2-D)
Full Year Range of La Tene C2-D is assumed.
[-175, -27]
absent
None
308
(French Kingdom - Early Valois)
Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Early Valois is assumed.
[1328, 1450]
present
None
309
(French Kingdom - Late Valois)
Full Year Range of French Kingdom - Late Valois is assumed.
[1450, 1589]
present
None
310
(Hawaii I)
Full Year Range of Hawaii I is assumed.
[1000, 1200]
absent
None
Copyright © 2024, Seshat: Global History Databank.
Stay in touch with us: