Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
311
(Hawaii II)
Full Year Range of Hawaii II is assumed.
[1200, 1580]
absent
None
312
(Hawaii III)
Full Year Range of Hawaii III is assumed.
[1580, 1778]
absent
None
313
(Majapahit Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Majapahit Kingdom is assumed.
[1292, 1518]
unknown
None
314
(Elam - Awan Dynasty I)
Full Year Range of Elam - Awan Dynasty I is assumed.
[-2675, -2100]
absent
None
315
(Susiana B)
Full Year Range of Susiana B is assumed.
[-5700, -5100]
absent
None
316
(Pre-Ceramic Period)
Full Year Range of Pre-Ceramic Period is assumed.
[-7800, -7200]
absent
None
317
(Qajar)
Full Year Range of Qajar is assumed.
[1794, 1925]
present
None
318
(Seljuk Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Seljuk Sultanate is assumed.
[1037, 1157]
absent
None
319
(Susa II)
Full Year Range of Susa II is assumed.
[-3800, -3100]
absent
None
320
(Papal States - Medieval Period I)
Full Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period I is assumed.
[1527, 1648]
present
None
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