Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
321
(Papal States - Renaissance Period)
Full Year Range of Papal States - Renaissance Period is assumed.
[1378, 1527]
present
None
322
(Early Roman Republic)
Full Year Range of Early Roman Republic is assumed.
[-509, -264]
absent
None
323
(Middle Roman Republic)
Full Year Range of Middle Roman Republic is assumed.
[-264, -133]
absent
None
324
(Republic of Venice III)
Full Year Range of Republic of Venice III is assumed.
[1204, 1563]
present
None
325
(Republic of Venice IV)
Full Year Range of Republic of Venice IV is assumed.
[1564, 1797]
present
None
326
(Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama)
Full Year Range of Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama is assumed.
[1568, 1603]
unknown
None
327
(Japan - Initial Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Initial Jomon is assumed.
[-9200, -5300]
absent
None
328
(Japan - Middle Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Middle Jomon is assumed.
[-3500, -2500]
absent
None
329
(Japan - Late Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Late Jomon is assumed.
[-2500, -1200]
absent
None
330
(Kamakura Shogunate)
Full Year Range of Kamakura Shogunate is assumed.
[1185, 1333]
absent
None
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