Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
331
(Kansai - Yayoi Period)
Full Year Range of Kansai - Yayoi Period is assumed.
[-300, 250]
absent
None
332
(Classical Angkor)
Full Year Range of Classical Angkor is assumed.
[1100, 1220]
absent
None
333
(Early Angkor)
Full Year Range of Early Angkor is assumed.
[802, 1100]
absent
None
334
(Late Angkor)
Full Year Range of Late Angkor is assumed.
[1220, 1432]
absent
None
335
(Khmer Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Khmer Kingdom is assumed.
[1432, 1594]
absent
None
336
(Chenla)
Full Year Range of Chenla is assumed.
[550, 825]
absent
None
337
(Funan II)
Full Year Range of Funan II is assumed.
[540, 640]
absent
None
338
(Rouran Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Rouran Khaganate is assumed.
[300, 555]
absent
None
339
(Second Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Second Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[682, 744]
absent
None
340
(Late Xiongnu)
Full Year Range of Late Xiongnu is assumed.
[-60, 100]
absent
None
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