Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
341
(Monte Alban Late I)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban Late I is assumed.
[-300, -100]
absent
None
342
(Monte Alban III)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban III is assumed.
[200, 500]
absent
None
343
(Monte Alban IIIB and IV)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban IIIB and IV is assumed.
[500, 900]
absent
None
344
(Monte Alban V)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban V is assumed.
[900, 1520]
absent
None
345
(Oaxaca - San Jose)
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - San Jose is assumed.
[-1150, -700]
absent
None
346
(Cuzco - Early Intermediate I)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate I is assumed.
[200, 499]
absent
None
347
(Cuzco - Early Intermediate II)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
absent
None
348
(Cuzco - Late Intermediate II)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate II is assumed.
[1250, 1400]
absent
None
349
(Inca Empire)
Full Year Range of Inca Empire is assumed.
[1375, 1532]
absent
None
350
(Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7500, -5500]
absent
None
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