Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
351
(Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -4000]
absent
None
352
(Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-4000, -3200]
absent
None
353
(Kachi Plain - Urban Period I)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Urban Period I is assumed.
[-2500, -2100]
absent
None
354
(Sakha - Late)
Full Year Range of Sakha - Late is assumed.
[1632, 1900]
absent
None
355
(Rattanakosin)
Full Year Range of Rattanakosin is assumed.
[1782, 1873]
unknown
None
356
(Byzantine Empire II)
Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire II is assumed.
[867, 1072]
absent
None
357
(Byzantine Empire III)
Full Year Range of Byzantine Empire III is assumed.
[1073, 1204]
absent
None
358
(Kingdom of Lydia)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Lydia is assumed.
[-670, -546]
absent
None
359
(Konya Plain - Late Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Neolithic is assumed.
[-6600, -6000]
absent
None
360
(Ottoman Empire I)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire I is assumed.
[1402, 1517]
absent
None
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