Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
281
(Himyar I)
Full Year Range of Himyar I is assumed.
[270, 340]
absent
None
282
(Himyar II)
Full Year Range of Himyar II is assumed.
[378, 525]
absent
None
283
(Yemen - Late Bronze Age)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Late Bronze Age is assumed.
[-1200, -801]
absent
None
284
(Neolithic Yemen)
Full Year Range of Neolithic Yemen is assumed.
[-3500, -1201]
absent
None
285
(Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty is assumed.
[1637, 1805]
unknown
None
286
(Qatabanian Commonwealth)
Full Year Range of Qatabanian Commonwealth is assumed.
[-450, -111]
absent
None
287
(Rasulid Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Rasulid Dynasty is assumed.
[1229, 1453]
absent
None
288
(Sabaean Commonwealth)
Full Year Range of Sabaean Commonwealth is assumed.
[-800, -451]
absent
None
289
(Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan is assumed.
[-110, 149]
absent
None
290
(Yemen Ziyad Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Yemen Ziyad Dynasty is assumed.
[822, 1037]
absent
None
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