Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
271
(Hatti - Old Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Hatti - Old Kingdom is assumed.
[-1650, -1500]
absent
None
272
(Lysimachus Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Lysimachus Kingdom is assumed.
[-323, -281]
absent
None
273
(Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic is assumed.
[-7000, -6600]
absent
None
274
(Konya Plain - Early Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Neolithic is assumed.
[-9600, -7000]
absent
None
275
(Neo-Hittite Kingdoms)
Full Year Range of Neo-Hittite Kingdoms is assumed.
[-1180, -900]
absent
None
276
(Phrygian Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Phrygian Kingdom is assumed.
[-900, -695]
absent
None
277
(Rum Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Rum Sultanate is assumed.
[1077, 1307]
absent
None
278
(Koktepe I)
Full Year Range of Koktepe I is assumed.
[-1400, -1000]
unknown
None
279
(Samanid Empire)
Full Year Range of Samanid Empire is assumed.
[819, 999]
absent
None
280
(Sogdiana - City-States Period)
Full Year Range of Sogdiana - City-States Period is assumed.
[604, 711]
absent
None
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