Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
261
(Kachi Plain - Urban Period II)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Urban Period II is assumed.
[-2100, 1800]
absent
None
262
(Sakha - Early)
Full Year Range of Sakha - Early is assumed.
[1400, 1632]
absent
None
263
(Ayutthaya)
Full Year Range of Ayutthaya is assumed.
[1593, 1767]
unknown
None
264
(Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age is assumed.
[-3000, -2000]
absent
None
265
(Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
absent
None
266
(Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia)
Full Year Range of Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia is assumed.
[-2000, -1700]
absent
None
267
(Late Cappadocia)
Full Year Range of Late Cappadocia is assumed.
[-322, -93]
absent
None
268
(Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-6000, -5500]
absent
None
269
(Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic)
Full Year Range of Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic is assumed.
[-5500, -3000]
absent
None
270
(Hatti - New Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Hatti - New Kingdom is assumed.
[-1400, -1180]
absent
None
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