Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
251
(Late Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Late Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-400, -101]
absent
None
252
(Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[-100, 99]
absent
None
253
(Oaxaca - Rosario)
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Rosario is assumed.
[-700, -500]
absent
None
254
(Oaxaca - Tierras Largas)
Full Year Range of Oaxaca - Tierras Largas is assumed.
[-1400, -1150]
absent
None
255
(Kingdom of Norway II)
Full Year Range of Kingdom of Norway II is assumed.
[1262, 1396]
absent
None
256
(Cuzco - Late Intermediate I)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate I is assumed.
[1000, 1250]
absent
None
257
(Cuzco - Late Formative)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Formative is assumed.
[-500, 200]
absent
None
258
(Orokaiva - Colonial)
Full Year Range of Orokaiva - Colonial is assumed.
[1884, 1942]
absent
None
259
(Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period is assumed.
[-1800, -1300]
absent
None
260
(Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period is assumed.
[-3200, -2500]
absent
None
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