Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
241
(Cahokia - Middle Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Middle Woodland is assumed.
[-150, 300]
absent
None
242
(Cahokia - Late Woodland III)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland III is assumed.
[600, 750]
absent
None
243
(Cahokia - Late Woodland I)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland I is assumed.
[300, 450]
absent
None
244
(Cahokia - Sand Prairie)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Sand Prairie is assumed.
[1275, 1400]
absent
None
245
(Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I is assumed.
[750, 900]
absent
None
246
(Oneota)
Full Year Range of Oneota is assumed.
[1400, 1650]
absent
None
247
(Chagatai Khanate)
Full Year Range of Chagatai Khanate is assumed.
[1263, 1402]
absent
None
248
(Khanate of Bukhara)
Full Year Range of Khanate of Bukhara is assumed.
[1599, 1747]
unknown
None
249
(Ancient Khwarazm)
Full Year Range of Ancient Khwarazm is assumed.
[-1000, -521]
absent
None
250
(Koktepe II)
Full Year Range of Koktepe II is assumed.
[-750, -550]
unknown
None
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