Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
231
(Roman Empire - Dominate)
Full Year Range of Roman Empire - Dominate is assumed.
[285, 394]
absent
None
232
(Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling is assumed.
[1055, 1199]
absent
None
233
(Cahokia - Moorehead)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Moorehead is assumed.
[1200, 1274]
absent
None
234
(Early Illinois Confederation)
Full Year Range of Early Illinois Confederation is assumed.
[1640, 1717]
absent
None
235
(Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early)
Full Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early is assumed.
[1566, 1713]
absent
None
236
(Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late)
Full Year Range of Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late is assumed.
[1714, 1848]
absent
None
237
(Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy)
Full Year Range of Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy is assumed.
[1300, 1565]
absent
None
238
(Cahokia - Early Woodland)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Early Woodland is assumed.
[-600, -150]
absent
None
239
(Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II is assumed.
[900, 1049]
absent
None
240
(Cahokia - Late Woodland II)
Full Year Range of Cahokia - Late Woodland II is assumed.
[450, 600]
absent
None
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