Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
21
(Jin Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Jin Dynasty is assumed.
[1115, 1234]
present
None
22
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
absent
None
23
(Late Qing)
Full Year Range of Late Qing is assumed.
[1796, 1912]
present
None
24
(Late Shang)
Full Year Range of Late Shang is assumed.
[-1250, -1045]
present
None
25
(Yehuda)
Full Year Range of Yehuda is assumed.
[-141, -63]
present
None
26
(Western Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Western Han Empire is assumed.
[-202, 9]
present
None
27
(Yangshao)
Full Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
absent
None
28
(Neguanje)
Full Year Range of Neguanje is assumed.
[250, 1050]
absent
None
29
(Shuar - Colonial)
Full Year Range of Shuar - Colonial is assumed.
[1534, 1830]
absent
None
30
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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