Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
201
(Western Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Western Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[582, 630]
absent
None
202
(Funan I)
Full Year Range of Funan I is assumed.
[225, 540]
absent
None
203
(Bamana kingdom)
Full Year Range of Bamana kingdom is assumed.
[1712, 1861]
absent
None
204
(Segou Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Segou Kingdom is assumed.
[1650, 1712]
absent
None
205
(Eastern Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Eastern Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[583, 630]
absent
None
206
(Khitan I)
Full Year Range of Khitan I is assumed.
[907, 1125]
absent
None
207
(Shiwei)
Full Year Range of Shiwei is assumed.
[600, 1000]
absent
None
208
(Xianbei Confederation)
Full Year Range of Xianbei Confederation is assumed.
[100, 250]
absent
None
209
(Early Xiongnu)
Full Year Range of Early Xiongnu is assumed.
[-1400, -300]
absent
None
210
(Xiongnu Imperial Confederation)
Full Year Range of Xiongnu Imperial Confederation is assumed.
[-209, -60]
absent
None
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