Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
191
(Late Roman Republic)
Full Year Range of Late Roman Republic is assumed.
[-133, -31]
absent
None
192
(Ashikaga Shogunate)
Full Year Range of Ashikaga Shogunate is assumed.
[1336, 1467]
absent
None
193
(Asuka)
Full Year Range of Asuka is assumed.
[538, 710]
absent
None
194
(Heian)
Full Year Range of Heian is assumed.
[794, 1185]
absent
None
195
(Japan - Incipient Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Incipient Jomon is assumed.
[-13600, -9200]
absent
None
196
(Japan - Early Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Early Jomon is assumed.
[-5300, -3500]
absent
None
197
(Japan - Final Jomon)
Full Year Range of Japan - Final Jomon is assumed.
[-1200, -300]
absent
None
198
(Kansai - Kofun Period)
Full Year Range of Kansai - Kofun Period is assumed.
[250, 537]
absent
None
199
(Nara Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Nara Kingdom is assumed.
[710, 794]
absent
None
200
(Kara-Khanids)
Full Year Range of Kara-Khanids is assumed.
[950, 1212]
absent
None
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