Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
181
(Mongol Empire)
Full Year Range of Mongol Empire is assumed.
[1206, 1368]
unknown
None
182
(Early Mongols)
Full Year Range of Early Mongols is assumed.
[1000, 1206]
absent
None
183
(Late Mongols)
Full Year Range of Late Mongols is assumed.
[1368, 1690]
unknown
None
184
(Uigur Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Uigur Khaganate is assumed.
[745, 840]
unknown
None
185
(Zungharian Empire)
Full Year Range of Zungharian Empire is assumed.
[1670, 1757]
unknown
None
186
(Later Wagadu Empire)
Full Year Range of Later Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[1078, 1203]
absent
None
187
(Middle Wagadu Empire)
Full Year Range of Middle Wagadu Empire is assumed.
[700, 1077]
absent
None
188
(Susa I)
Full Year Range of Susa I is assumed.
[-4300, -3800]
absent
None
189
(Susa III)
Full Year Range of Susa III is assumed.
[-3100, -2675]
absent
None
190
(Icelandic Commonwealth)
Full Year Range of Icelandic Commonwealth is assumed.
[930, 1262]
absent
None
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