Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
171
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-1200, -501]
absent
None
172
(Bronze Age Cambodia)
Full Year Range of Bronze Age Cambodia is assumed.
[-500, 224]
absent
None
173
(Andronovo)
Full Year Range of Andronovo is assumed.
[-1800, -1200]
absent
None
174
(Phoenician Empire)
Full Year Range of Phoenician Empire is assumed.
[-1200, -332]
absent
None
175
(Saadi Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Saadi Sultanate is assumed.
[1554, 1659]
unknown
None
176
(Jenne-jeno I)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno I is assumed.
[-250, 49]
absent
None
177
(Jenne-jeno II)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno II is assumed.
[50, 399]
absent
None
178
(Jenne-jeno III)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno III is assumed.
[400, 899]
absent
None
179
(Jenne-jeno IV)
Full Year Range of Jenne-jeno IV is assumed.
[900, 1300]
absent
None
180
(Ghur Principality)
Full Year Range of Ghur Principality is assumed.
[1025, 1215]
absent
None
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