Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
161
(Papal States - High Medieval Period)
Full Year Range of Papal States - High Medieval Period is assumed.
[1198, 1309]
absent
None
162
(Papal States - Medieval Period II)
Full Year Range of Papal States - Medieval Period II is assumed.
[1648, 1809]
present
None
163
(Exarchate of Ravenna)
Full Year Range of Exarchate of Ravenna is assumed.
[568, 751]
absent
None
164
(Roman Empire - Principate)
Full Year Range of Roman Empire - Principate is assumed.
[-31, 284]
absent
None
165
(Roman Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Roman Kingdom is assumed.
[-716, -509]
absent
None
166
(Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity)
Full Year Range of Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity is assumed.
[395, 476]
absent
None
167
(Republic of St Peter I)
Full Year Range of Republic of St Peter I is assumed.
[711, 904]
absent
None
168
(Warring States Japan)
Full Year Range of Warring States Japan is assumed.
[1467, 1568]
absent
None
169
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
170
(Eastern Han Empire)
Full Year Range of Eastern Han Empire is assumed.
[25, 220]
absent
None
Copyright © 2024, Seshat: Global History Databank.
Stay in touch with us: