Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
211
(Early Monte Alban I)
Full Year Range of Early Monte Alban I is assumed.
[-500, -300]
absent
None
212
(Monte Alban II)
Full Year Range of Monte Alban II is assumed.
[-100, 200]
absent
None
213
(Epiclassic Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Epiclassic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[650, 899]
absent
None
214
(Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Middle Postclassic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[1200, 1426]
absent
None
215
(Toltecs)
Full Year Range of Toltecs is assumed.
[900, 1199]
absent
None
216
(Wari Empire)
Full Year Range of Wari Empire is assumed.
[650, 999]
absent
None
217
(Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial)
Full Year Range of Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial is assumed.
[1734, 1883]
absent
None
218
(Indo-Greek Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Indo-Greek Kingdom is assumed.
[-180, -10]
absent
None
219
(Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period)
Full Year Range of Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period is assumed.
[-1300, -500]
absent
None
220
(Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period)
Full Year Range of Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period is assumed.
[854, 1193]
absent
None
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