Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
111
(Magadha - Sunga Empire)
Full Year Range of Magadha - Sunga Empire is assumed.
[-187, -65]
absent
None
112
(Vakataka Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Vakataka Kingdom is assumed.
[255, 550]
absent
None
113
(Vijayanagara Empire)
Full Year Range of Vijayanagara Empire is assumed.
[1336, 1646]
absent
None
114
(Abbasid Caliphate I)
Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate I is assumed.
[750, 946]
absent
None
115
(Abbasid Caliphate II)
Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate II is assumed.
[1191, 1258]
absent
None
116
(Amorite Babylonia)
Full Year Range of Amorite Babylonia is assumed.
[-2000, -1600]
absent
None
117
(Kassite Babylonia)
Full Year Range of Kassite Babylonia is assumed.
[-1595, -1150]
absent
None
118
(Bazi Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Bazi Dynasty is assumed.
[-1005, -986]
absent
None
119
(Dynasty of E)
Full Year Range of Dynasty of E is assumed.
[-979, -732]
absent
None
120
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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