Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
121
(Isin-Larsa)
Full Year Range of Isin-Larsa is assumed.
[-2004, -1763]
absent
None
122
(Neo-Assyrian Empire)
Full Year Range of Neo-Assyrian Empire is assumed.
[-911, -612]
absent
None
123
(Neo-Babylonian Empire)
Full Year Range of Neo-Babylonian Empire is assumed.
[-626, -539]
absent
None
124
(Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic)
Full Year Range of Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic is assumed.
[-9000, -5501]
absent
None
125
(Ur - Dynasty III)
Full Year Range of Ur - Dynasty III is assumed.
[-2112, -2004]
absent
None
126
(Uruk)
Full Year Range of Uruk is assumed.
[-4000, -2900]
absent
None
127
(Peiligang)
Full Year Range of Peiligang is assumed.
[-7000, -5001]
absent
None
128
(Aztec Empire)
Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
absent
None
129
(Buyid Confederation)
Full Year Range of Buyid Confederation is assumed.
[932, 1062]
absent
None
130
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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