Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
131
(Elymais II)
Full Year Range of Elymais II is assumed.
[25, 215]
absent
None
132
(Ilkhanate)
Full Year Range of Ilkhanate is assumed.
[1256, 1339]
absent
None
133
(Elam - Kidinuid Period)
Full Year Range of Elam - Kidinuid Period is assumed.
[-1500, -1400]
absent
None
134
(Elam - Igihalkid Period)
Full Year Range of Elam - Igihalkid Period is assumed.
[-1399, -1200]
absent
None
135
(Elam - Shutrukid Period)
Full Year Range of Elam - Shutrukid Period is assumed.
[-1199, -1100]
absent
None
136
(Elam I)
Full Year Range of Elam I is assumed.
[-900, -744]
absent
None
137
(Elam II)
Full Year Range of Elam II is assumed.
[-743, -647]
absent
None
138
(Elam III)
Full Year Range of Elam III is assumed.
[-612, -539]
absent
None
139
(Parthian Empire I)
Full Year Range of Parthian Empire I is assumed.
[-247, 40]
absent
None
140
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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