Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
141
(Safavid Empire)
Full Year Range of Safavid Empire is assumed.
[1501, 1722]
unknown
None
142
(Sasanid Empire I)
Full Year Range of Sasanid Empire I is assumed.
[205, 487]
absent
None
143
(Delhi Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Delhi Sultanate is assumed.
[1206, 1526]
absent
None
144
(Magadha - Maurya Empire)
Full Year Range of Magadha - Maurya Empire is assumed.
[-324, -187]
absent
None
145
(Akkadian Empire)
Full Year Range of Akkadian Empire is assumed.
[-2270, -2083]
absent
None
146
(Early Dynastic)
Full Year Range of Early Dynastic is assumed.
[-2900, -2500]
absent
None
147
(Ubaid)
Full Year Range of Ubaid is assumed.
[-5500, -4201]
absent
None
148
(Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar)
Full Year Range of Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar is assumed.
[-7000, -6000]
absent
None
149
(Formative Period)
Full Year Range of Formative Period is assumed.
[-7200, -7000]
absent
None
150
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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