Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
71
(Dynasty of E)
Full Year Range of Dynasty of E is assumed.
[-979, -732]
unknown
None
72
(Early Dynastic)
Full Year Range of Early Dynastic is assumed.
[-2900, -2500]
unknown
None
73
(Second Dynasty of Isin)
Full Year Range of Second Dynasty of Isin is assumed.
[-1153, -1027]
unknown
None
74
(Isin-Larsa)
Full Year Range of Isin-Larsa is assumed.
[-2004, -1763]
unknown
None
75
(Ak Koyunlu)
Full Year Range of Ak Koyunlu is assumed.
[1339, 1501]
unknown
None
76
(Elymais II)
Full Year Range of Elymais II is assumed.
[25, 215]
unknown
None
77
(Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial)
Full Year Range of Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial is assumed.
[1841, 1987]
absent
None
78
(Kediri Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Kediri Kingdom is assumed.
[1049, 1222]
unknown
None
79
(Delhi Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Delhi Sultanate is assumed.
[1206, 1526]
present
None
80
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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