Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Complex Fortification

The absence or presence of complex fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. when there are two or more concentric walls. so simply a wall and a donjon, for example, is not enough.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
complex_fortification The absence or presence of complex fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Complex Fortification Description   Edit
81
(Vakataka Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Vakataka Kingdom is assumed.
[255, 550]
unknown
None
82
(Abbasid Caliphate II)
Full Year Range of Abbasid Caliphate II is assumed.
[1191, 1258]
unknown
None
83
(Akkadian Empire)
Full Year Range of Akkadian Empire is assumed.
[-2270, -2083]
unknown
None
84
(Neo-Babylonian Empire)
Full Year Range of Neo-Babylonian Empire is assumed.
[-626, -539]
present
None
85
(Uruk)
Full Year Range of Uruk is assumed.
[-4000, -2900]
present
None
86
(Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar)
Full Year Range of Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar is assumed.
[-7000, -6000]
absent
None
87
(Buyid Confederation)
Full Year Range of Buyid Confederation is assumed.
[932, 1062]
unknown
None
88
(Formative Period)
Full Year Range of Formative Period is assumed.
[-7200, -7000]
absent
None
89
(Susiana A)
Full Year Range of Susiana A is assumed.
[-6000, -5700]
absent
None
90
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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