| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polity | The Seshat Polity ID |
| Year(s) | The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE] |
| Tag | [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown] |
| Verified | A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data. |
| Variable | Definition |
|---|---|
| bridge | The absence or presence of bridge for a polity. |
| # | Polity | Year(s) | Bridge | Description | Edit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 191 |
(Egypt - Dynasty II) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed. [-2900, -2687] |
present |
Earliest reference to small bridge is for the new kingdom. Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ However, it is highly probable that small bridges were necessary before this time and Egyptians would have been more than capable of building and maintaining them. | |
| 192 |
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I is assumed. [1260, 1348] |
present |
Bridge over Abu'l Managga irrigation canal. §REF§(Nicolle 2014) Nicolle, D. 2014 Mamluk Askar 1250-1517. Osprey Publishing Ltd.§REF§ "In a traditional society that lacked the concept of public or municipal agencies, as individuals, the members of this ruling class assumed responsibility for what we would consider public concerns. The mamluks were patrons of art, schools, and mosques; builders of roads, bridges, and markets; and overseers of "public works," morality, and charity."§REF§(Dols 1977, 152)§REF§ Seven bridges constructed over al-Nasiri canal between 1325 and 1376 CE. §REF§(Raymond 2000, 125)§REF§ | |
| 193 |
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III is assumed. [1412, 1517] |
present |
Bridges "maintained right up until the end of Mamluk rule".§REF§(Oliver and Atmore 2001, 21) Oliver R and Atmore A. 2001. Medieval Africa 1250-1800. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ Bridge over Abu'l Managga irrigation canal. §REF§(Nicolle 2014) Nicolle, D. 2014 Mamluk Askar 1250-1517. Osprey Publishing Ltd.§REF§ "In a traditional society that lacked the concept of public or municipal agencies, as individuals, the members of this ruling class assumed responsibility for what we would consider public concerns. The mamluks were patrons of art, schools, and mosques; builders of roads, bridges, and markets; and overseers of "public works," morality, and charity."§REF§(Dols 1977, 152)§REF§ | |
| 194 |
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed. [1348, 1412] |
present |
Seven bridges constructed over al-Nasiri canal between 1325 and 1376 CE. §REF§(Raymond 2000, 125)§REF§ "In a traditional society that lacked the concept of public or municipal agencies, as individuals, the members of this ruling class assumed responsibility for what we would consider public concerns. The mamluks were patrons of art, schools, and mosques; builders of roads, bridges, and markets; and overseers of "public works," morality, and charity."§REF§(Dols 1977, 152)§REF§ | |
| 195 |
(Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period is assumed. [-1293, -1070] |
present |
Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown. Small bridges were built. A bridge at Amarna linked two parts of a royal palace that was separated by a Royal Road. It was supported by two pillars 5 meters apart.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ | |
| 196 |
(Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom is assumed. [-2650, -2350] |
present |
Earliest reference to small bridge is for the new kingdom. Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ However, it is highly probable that small bridges were necessary before this time and Egyptians would have been more than capable of building and maintaining them. | |
| 197 |
(Dambadaneiya) |
Full Year Range of Dambadaneiya is assumed. [1232, 1293] |
present |
"Parakramabahu II had devoted attention to this region when his minister Devapatiraga founded Viharas and improved the lines of communications by the construction of bridges across the streams, on behalf of the pilgrims to Samantakuta." THESIS | |
| 198 |
(Egypt - Late Old Kingdom) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Late Old Kingdom is assumed. [-2350, -2150] |
present |
Earliest reference to small bridge is for the new kingdom. Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ However, it is highly probable that small bridges were necessary before this time and Egyptians would have been more than capable of building and maintaining them. | |
| 199 |
(Egypt - Period of the Regions) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Period of the Regions is assumed. [-2150, -2016] |
present |
Earliest reference to small bridge is for the new kingdom. Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ However, it is highly probable that small bridges were necessary before this time and Egyptians would have been more than capable of building and maintaining them. | |
| 200 |
(Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period) |
Full Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period is assumed. [-1720, -1567] |
unknown |
Earliest reference to small bridge is for the new kingdom. Bridges over wide expanse of water unknown.§REF§(Arnold 2003, 37)§REF§ However, it is highly probable that small bridges were necessary before this time and Egyptians would have been more than capable of building and maintaining them. |