Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
31
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
32
(Egypt - Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
present
None
33
(Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period is assumed.
[868, 969]
present
None
34
(Yangshao)
Full Year Range of Yangshao is assumed.
[-5000, -3000]
present
None
35
(Early Wei Dynasty)
Full Year Range of Early Wei Dynasty is assumed.
[-445, -225]
present
None
36
(Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period is assumed.
[-1069, -747]
present
None
37
(Great Yuan)
Full Year Range of Great Yuan is assumed.
[1271, 1368]
present
None
38
(Neguanje)
Full Year Range of Neguanje is assumed.
[250, 1050]
absent
None
39
(Shuar - Colonial)
Full Year Range of Shuar - Colonial is assumed.
[1534, 1830]
absent
None
40
(Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II is assumed.
[1348, 1412]
present
None
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