Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Earth Rampart

The absence or presence of earth ramparts as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
earth_rampart The absence or presence of earth rampart for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Earth Rampart Description   Edit
21
(British Empire II)
Full Year Range of British Empire II is assumed.
[1850, 1968]
unknown
None
22
(Akan - Pre-Ashanti)
Full Year Range of Akan - Pre-Ashanti is assumed.
[1501, 1701]
unknown
None
23
(Archaic Crete)
Full Year Range of Archaic Crete is assumed.
[-710, -500]
unknown
None
24
(Classical Crete)
Full Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
unknown
None
25
(The Emirate of Crete)
Full Year Range of The Emirate of Crete is assumed.
[824, 961]
unknown
None
26
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
unknown
None
27
(Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial)
Full Year Range of Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial is assumed.
[1841, 1987]
unknown
None
28
(Kidarite Kingdom)
Full Year Range of Kidarite Kingdom is assumed.
[388, 477]
present
None
29
(Buyid Confederation)
Full Year Range of Buyid Confederation is assumed.
[932, 1062]
present
None
30
(Naqada I)
Full Year Range of Naqada I is assumed.
[-3800, -3550]
absent
None
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